Zara Inc Success Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Zara Inc Success - Research Paper Example As the paper features the Fashion Retail world has developed in front of others with organizations battling for share in the market and the shoppers requesting the following intriguing assortment at regular intervals. The internationalization has improved the business part of these Fashion Titans who battle to turn out new plans and patterns each season with the desire for getting saw in a horde of thousands. The new worldwide financial condition has given Zara a chance to improve its present image recognition and become the excellent brand for European buyers. This can be accomplished by making a top of the line for Zara. This would not just increment the potential objective market for Zara yet additionally permit Zara to charge premium costs. This investigation pronounces that in 1963-74 Amancio Ortega Gaona, director and author of Inditex2, starts his business exercises in the material assembling area. The business develops consistently during the time to incorporate a few assembling habitats circulating items to different European nations. The first ZARA shop opened its entryways in 1975 of every A Coruã ±a (Spain), the city that saw the Groups early beginnings and which is currently home to its focal workplaces. Its stores would now be able to be found in the most significant shopping locale of in excess of 400 urban areas in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa which is undoubtedly an exceptional accomplishment. Fascinating as it might appear, its first store included low-estimated clone results of mainstream, better quality attire designs. This was obviously a moment accomplishment as it empowered the individuals to have duplicates of the more extravagant garments at a sensible cost thus Mr. Ortega opened more stor es all over Spain. â€Å"ZARA was a design imitator. ZARA’s methodology of low volume per style and changing items rapidly in its stores causes it to down on the limits too. Of its 12,000 unmistakable things yearly, just about 18% of its dress doesn't work with clients and must be discounted.â

6+ Websites and Tools for Your Finance Homework the Wolf of Wall Street Would Approve

6+ Websites and Tools for Your Finance Homework the Wolf of Wall Street Would Approve 6+ Websites and Tools for Your Finance Homework the Wolf of Wall Street Would Approve Monetary papers have some particular highlights that you need to consider while composing a money schoolwork. The most significant thing in making such sort of assignments is to be an explanatory and exact scholar, which means the individual who is shrewd in the financial investigations. On the off chance that you locate some broad account articles on the web and attempt to write similarly the data is given there, that will be one of the focuses your teachers will bring down your level for on the grounds that you can’t show up as a columnist or publicist. You have to resemble a genuine business analyst who realizes what he/she’s discussing. Also, it is fundamental to think about the idiosyncrasies of the monetary composing style: Utilizing current state; Going for dynamic voice; Not utilizing emotional action words and descriptors; Maintaining a strategic distance from shortened forms and withdrawals; Composing short sentences; Not producing filler content; And so forth. These are not all prerequisites, yet they are the fundamental ones. In the wake of overhauling your insight about the monetary composing style, you have to discover nice sources and apparatuses to go through just dependable information for sponsorship your announcements. Furthermore, learn to expect the unexpected. We have just discovered a few ones for you. 1. Stock Market Simulator This is an extraordinary open door for you on the off chance that you wish to compose a fund paper inside the securities exchange area. This test system awards you $100 000 of virtual cash (you don’t need to contribute anything at all), and you can play with this capital purchasing stocks, contributing, and so forth just to feel like you’re thoroughly taking care of genuine and train your dynamic abilities. 2. Economic History Any monetary paper needs a base or reference to its past. In this online asset you will discover exact insights, significant and reliable information along with diagnostic articles. 3. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics This reference book was made by a few financial matters fans who are partial to this circle and need to impart some important data to the world. There you can spot articles composed by financial analysts, however the data is given in such a way along these lines, that even a non-business analyst would comprehend the primary concerns. 4. ReadyRatios.com This is an online programming that assesses budget reports. It is paid, however there are some free highlights. In the event that the subject of your money paper is the examination of a budgetary situation of some organization, this apparatus is an ideal aide for your situation. 5. Online Calculators There 10 distinct adding machines that can assist you with evaluating livelihoods, government disability charges, financial plans, annuity returns, and so forth. They are intelligent and allowed to utilize. 6. Yahoo Finance This is a database of reports, articles and monetary conjectures about universal situation in the circle of account. It contains high caliber and tenable data, and, above all, it’s free. It is an excellent device to use for scholarly purposes as it gives you important information for your exploration. Utilize these online instruments for composing fund papers and produce meaningful just as intriguing substance! P.S. Have your own financial apparatuses that you use for the money examines? Offer them with our schoolwork composing administration!

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Consider a Different Optional Essay

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Consider a Different Optional Essay In the past, we have advised MBA candidates to exercise caution in choosing to write the optional essay. (See our Monday Morning Essay Tip:  The Optional Mistake.) Our philosophy has not changed on this point, but we do want to make MBA candidates aware of certain circumstances, other than discussing a problem area, that may necessitate writing an optional essay. For example, if you have achieved something absolutely extraordinary that is relevant to your candidacyâ€"something that truly strikes at the essence of who you areâ€"but that will simply not fit as an answer to any of the schools essay questions, then you should consider writing the optional essay to illuminate the experience and its importance to you. We would advise a candidate to make  this exception only in the most unique of circumstances and remind applicants that they should still be quite conservative in their use of this space. Again, this is not the place for a 500-word “extra” essay, but a few sentences illustrating the extraordinary experience and its significance would be appropriate. Such an experience should be able to stand on its own, so you do not need to belabor the point and agitate the admissions committee with a long essay detailing a variety of themes and accomplishments. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

America s Diminishing Faith On Free Trade Essay - 1712 Words

America’s diminishing faith in free trade has been a controversial topic in the 2016 presidential election. As the former Secretary of State to a presidential candidate, Hillary Clinton has changed her attitude in regards to the Trans-Pacific Partnership because these different positions have allowed her to view different perspectives in international relations. When she was Secretary of State promoting the TPP was her duty but as a presidential candidate she spoke against it, claiming it is â€Å"for more new good jobs for Americans, for raising wages for Americans.† In an interview with PBS Clinton argued that the TPP â€Å"kills American Jobs† because there is no safety net support that American workers need in order â€Å"to be able to compete and win the global economy†. Meanwhile as seen in Donald Trump’s campaign website, the Trans-Pacific Partnership undermines our economy and it will also threaten American independence. Trump told Breitbar t News that â€Å"he would negotiate trade deals with individual countries, rather than a giant multinational deals like TPP† yet he tells Fox News that he is all for free trade â€Å"but it’s got to be fair† and wishes to go back to the days when America used to produce their own items. Along with the TTP, the presidential candidates propose to make adjustments with China, NAFTA, and to renegotiate tougher and fairer trade agreements. I believe the Heckscher Ohlin Model works along with Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s trade policies becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Asian And African Trade Systems1565 Words   |  7 Pagesconquerable and primitive. These oversimplified and false statements hide the flourishing cultures in the Pacific s, Africa and Americas that existed before the Europeans started their conquests driven by the lust for power, resources, allies and wealth. The Asian and African trade systems were vital components for the European ec onomy to thrive. The Pacific regions, African regions and Americas were home to vastly diverse and complex cultures. Some of these cultures were forever changed or completelyRead MoreA New Age Of Post Modernity Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern views sociy. This shift to post modernity has been highly influenced through the works of postmodern artists and architects and academics such as Focult (Venn, C., Featherstone, M. 2006), Burroughs, Barthelme, Rauschenberg and Cage (Clarke, S. 2006), who all describe modernity being an exhausted idea, due to the shift of values changing society to a period of post modernity. In this essay I will argue that we are now living in a new age of post modernity by describing and explaining the transitionRead MoreThe Sectional Crisis And The Compromise Of 18502305 Words   |  10 Pagesthen extended their claim east from the river to the 42nd parallel. This ambitious strategy to claim the Rio Grande, linking Texas with international markets potentially rivaling the Mississippi as the most important river to the continent of North America, was well understood to the leaders of Texas (or those who had commercial interests). After a United States takeover post Mexican-American war, Texas still after annexation pressed their claim up to the 42 parallel. Negotiations were a must betweenRead MoreThe Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy: The Ronald Reagan Doctrine - Essay3303 Words   |  14 PagesReagan’s administration, the Reagan Doctrine was implemented by the United States to oppose global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. The R eagan Doctrine was designed to diminish Soviet Union’s influence in Asia, Latin America, and Africa as part of the Cold War’s strategy. The Reagan Doctrine called both for challenging communism and extending freedom, and administration policy makers had trouble reconciling those goals. 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In America especially, it is common to view him as the great leader who was forever dedicated to the revolution, or the man who lived and breathed American independence, or perhaps the wisest, most level-headed patriot America had seen. He indeed was a crucial asset to the American Revolution, and his dedication to the fight for recognized independence was clearlyRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 PagesRethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, the British Empire, and the Atlantic World in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Author(s): Steve Pincus Reviewed work(s): Source: The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1 (January 2012), pp. 3-34 Published by: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.1.0003 . Accessed: 06/09/2012 12:18 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the TermsRead MoreBoon Rawd Brewery Company analysis(including PEST,SWOT,Porters Five forces analysis)6553 Words   |  27 PagesTable of ContentExecutive summary3Corporate Background4Which industry or industries is the firm operating in?4Who are the customers?4Where does the company serve?5What needs are being satisfied by the company ´s goods or services?5What are the companys distinctive competencies?6Which generic strategy in currently used by the company?7Country analysis and attractiveness assessment7Brazil PEST analysis7India PEST analysis12South Korea PEST analysis15Industry and Competitive Analysis-18Porters FiveRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesexpatriate group and make up $4.5 percent of the private sector according to official statistic^.^ ~ o sof these people perform menial jobs in the service and t construction industriese3Expatriate Arabs form another 9.4 percent of the citys s.~ workforce and the remaining 1.9 percent are ~ u r o ~ e a nThe reason that so many foreign workers have flocked to Dubai is quite simple - to make money. Although lowpaying jobs hammering steel and cleaning floors may not sound very appealing, theyRead MoreResearch Paper on Maya Civilization4670 Words   |  19 Pagestemples, and the ingeniously developed and advanced caledretics, mathematics, and astronomy easily mark one of the most interesting and prosperous periods in Latin American history. Over period spanning approximately six centuries, the Maya of Central America reached artistic and intellectual heights that no other group in the New World had seen or imagined possible. This period in Mayan culture is believed to be a time of relative peace and tranquility, the ultimate decline of their society is still

Cyber Espionage - 4042 Words

Cyber Espionage In India Cyber espionage is an area that has recently attracted the attentions of Indian government and corporate houses alike. Both Indian government and corporate houses are the biggest loosers from cyber espionage. Sensitive information on national security and trade secrets and commercial information has been occasionally stolen through cyber espionage in India. India has been a victim of cyber espionage on many occasions where crackers operating in foreign jurisdictions regularly attack Indian computers and have successfully taken out sensitive information. International community is stressing upon enhancement of their cyber security capabilities unlike India. As a result of this apathy, India is facing†¦show more content†¦The report on this from SecureWorks notes that without the cooperation of the government of the Peoples Republic of China, further attribution of the hacking activity is difficult or impossible. The possibility of a nation such as China engaged in large-scale cyber-espionage through APT attacks came up again last week. In a report entitled Revealed: Operation Shady RAT, McAfee says evidence it got from a server out on the Internet shows 72 businesses and government agencies, most in the U.S. but from several other countries as well, have suffered APT infiltrations since 2006. McAfee says the attacker is probably a nation-state, but it didnt point to any particular country. McAfees Revealed: Operation Shady RAT only names a few of the victims, including the World Anti-Doping Agency in Montreal, the Asian and Western national Olympic Committees, and the United Nations, along with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Dmitri Alperovitch, vice president of threat research at McAfee labs, says McAfee has tried to reach those it believes were targeted based on the log evidence from the server it gained legally in March. Some IP addresses are very clear, theyre the firewall of an organization, Alperovitch says. The intention of the McAfee report is to show that someone is going to a tremendous amount of effort to compromise these computers, he says. Alperovitch says the APT server inShow MoreRelatedCyber Espionage3202 Words   |  13 PagesABSTRACT The aim of this report is to examine the topic of cyber espionage. Incidents and threats of espionage committed using software tools have become frequent headlines in news stories in recent years, thus the existence of cyber espionage is undeniable. This report begins with an introduction of the topic, followed by a literature review. Moving on, two case studies specifically involving the use of Trojans and sniffers to commit espionage will be discussed. The scope of these case studies includesRead MoreSecurity And Privacy : Cyber Espionage2380 Words   |  10 Pagesare their another strengths. 3.0 HACKERS AND THEIR MOTIVES: †¢ who is Attacking? ï‚ § Cyber Espionage ï‚ § Industrial Espionage ï‚ § Malicious Insider ï‚ § Cyber Criminals ï‚ § Personal Attacks †¢ Where are they from? Cyber Espionage are generally who targets on national and international spying to steal bank s sensitive information, They could be someone intentionally hired by government or organizations. Industrial Espionage were who target s on competitive companies, They could be hired by organization. MaliciousRead MoreCyber Espionage3573 Words   |  15 PagesCyber espionage:- Definition:- Cyber espionage (also spelled cyber espionage) â€Å" | involves the unauthorized probing to test a target computer’s configuration or evaluate its system defenses, or the unauthorized viewing and copying of data files. | † | â€Å" | uses computer or related systems to collect intelligence or enable certain operations, whether in cyberspace or the real world. | † | Cyber spying, or  cyber  espionage, is the act or practice of obtaining secrets without the permission ofRead MoreCyber Espionage And Cyber Terrorism987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat 90% of companies worldwide admits on having being unprepared to protect themselves from any type of cyber-attacks. Large corporations like Target and Hope Depot has been target cyber security breach. That compromise thousands of employees and customers confidential information such as the social security number and credit cards accounts. But some small business weren’t so lucky, as cyber criminals took control of their entire network and completely destroying the whole company. Cybercrime willRead MoreCyber Espionage Attacks And Cyber Attacks1662 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Espionage Attacks This kind of attacks differ from other types of cyber-attacks as they have a different source from where the actual attack comes from, which is mainly from within the organization that is being attacked. It may be the most difficult type of attack in which organizations are able to defend themselves from, for example if the attack is emanating from an individual that holds a high rank within the company. Taking an example of the United States where the government has a processRead MoreCyber Espionage In China Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesagencies were specifically targeted for cyber espionage. On July 9, 2013, Larry Wortzel, a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission testified before the House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation. He revealed the following assessment of China’s cyber activities against the United States. China is using its advanced cyber capabilities to conduct large-scale cyber espionage. China to date has compromised a rangeRead MoreEssay On Cyber Espionage In China750 Words   |  3 PagesChina concerning economic espionage has been viewed with both optimism and skepticism. It’s the first agreement of any substance on the issue, which is a hopeful sign. China doesn’t enjoy a reputation of carefully adhering to international agreements and there is doubt about whether the agreement will have any practical effect on China’s behavior. Since the early 2000s, cyber espionage issues have increasingly strained U.S.-China relations. All countries engage in espionage, but China is one of theRead MoreWhy Chinas Cyber Espionage Is A Threat1822 Words   |  8 Pages Why China’s Cyber Espionage is a Threat Cyber espionage is the act of attempting to penetrate an adversarial system for the purposes of extracting sensitive or protected data of either social or technical in nature. They are illicit activities that range from the commercial and economic to the political and strategic. They include small nuisance attacks to matters of high magnitude and importance like the national security and intelligence (Cornish 2012). Chinese cyber espionage has continued toRead MoreIs Huawei A Bad Reputation For Cyber Espionage? Essay700 Words   |  3 Pages3com led to Huawei not landing any major US contracts. This seems to be having a small domino effect in other countries also, examples being UK government offices scrapping all Huawei video intercom devices and even going so far as to review a UK cyber security centre run by Huawei, also, India’s state owned BSNL dropping Huawei from it’s suppliers after being advised by India’s own intelligence bureau, stating that Huawei ca n not be trusted with it’s sensitive telecom expansion. Similarly, AustralianRead MoreProblems with Ethiopia’s Unofficial Cyber Espionage Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesEthiopia advanced in cyber espionage against its citizen’s. Innocent journalist from local and from other countries are being tortured, killed and imprisoned for speaking their opinions to the world. Ethiopia’s unofficial cyber espionage program targets innocent journalists and violates the United Nations-The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Article 19 Freedom of Expression. The purpose of this paper will address problems with Ethiopia’s unofficial cyber espionage and evaluate the

The Proliferation Of Crises Around The World - 1529 Words

The proliferation of crises around the world has led to a prominent increase in the fascination, as well as interest, in the concept of â€Å"social entrepreneurship†. In today’s society, this concept has inspired numerous individuals to pursue a career being social entrepreneur as it promises to solve some of the world’s toughest problems while earning money and gaining social status. That being said, these are often the individuals/agencies that are exempted from public examination as they are seen doing â€Å"valuable work†. With that in mind, Daniela Papi- Thornton (2016) in her article, â€Å"Tackling Heropreneruship†, critiques this industry by claiming that we are emerging into an area of heropreneurship in which being an entrepreneur has become a†¦show more content†¦Consequently, this has led to an era of heropreneurship in which many individuals inspire to become entrepreneurs who claim that they can solve these problems. Due to i ts heroic and feel good appeal, many individuals work towards creating an â€Å"attractive† social enterprise or demand jobs with a â€Å"social purpose†. Nonetheless, while heropreneurship can be seen as an inspiring and exciting era, there is room for further improvement. First, due to heropreneurship, the line between quick solutions and progress has been blurred. While tackling these problems is considered a noble deed and personally valuable, many individuals are not working towards solving the root of the problems that occur in the affected countries. Rupert Scofield (2011) in his text, â€Å"The Social Entrepreneurs Handbook† explains â€Å"but to really help them, you have to get to know them, walk in their shoes. You would be surprised at the number of organizations that espouse this or that noble cause in which the personnel seem only dimly acquainted with the facts on the ground† (5). It is apparent that many individuals often prioritize short term solutions and disguise it as a long term because they do not fully understand all aspects of the problem. It is important to realize that implementing successful and sustainable solutions involves hard work. Investigating the root cause of the problem, as well as researching existing solutions and their strengths and weaknesses is critical when attempting to

Lizzie Borden Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Lizzie Borden Argumentative Essay L I z z I e B o r d e nA little over a century ago a gruesome double murder was committed, in the 2- story house at 92 Second Street, in Fall River, Massachusetts. This crime shocked the nation as Lizzie Borden, a 32-year-old Sunday school teacher, went on trial for the murder of her father and her stepmother. An all male jury eventually acquitted her on the accusations. To this day, the murderer of Andrew J. Borden and Abby Gray Borden is still unknown, but in the public mind everyone believes it was Lizzie Borden. Lizzie was born and grew up in Fall River, Mass. She was the youngest daughter of Andrew Jackson Borden, who was a very successful Banker and Sarah Morse Borden. Sarah died when Lizzie was very young and Andrew then married Abby Durfee Gray. Lizzie grew up with an elder sister, Emma. Neither of them has ever married. The sisters hated their stepmother, mainly because of the familys inferior social position. On the day of August 4, 1892, the bodies of Andrew Borden and his wife were found mutilated. As opposed to 40 whacks, in the popular rhyme, 19 blows struck Abby Borden by a hatchet or axe to the back of her head and neck. At the time she was cleaning the guestroom of the family home, at 9:30 am. Andrew Borden, who had returned home around 10:30 am, after his daily business had been attended to, was either napping or reading the newspaper on a couch in the parlor, when he was attacked. 11 blows were rained upon Mr. Bordens head and face, to the point that one eye hung from its socket upon his cheek, and his close friend and physician, Dr. Bowen, couldnt recognize him. There were only two people in or about the house at the time of the killings, Lizzie Andrew Borden and Bridget Sullivan, the Bordens maid. There is some speculation as to others that may have been responsible for these heinous acts. Among the other alleged killers are John Morse, the brother of Andrews first wife, a secret lover Lizzie was said to have, though never named, Emma Borden, Lizzies elder sister, and William Borden, who, while legally Andrews second cousin, was rumored to really be his illegitimate son. Soon after the murders, Lizzie emerged as the prime suspect after John Morses alibi checked out. She then was arrested and tried on three counts, the murder of Abbey, of Andrew, and of them both and, if found guilty, faced death by hanging. Six days after the murders occurred, she went to court. The all-male jury was put into a difficult position. It was the Victorian Era where women were considered delicate flowers and not capable of killing someone and it was not a common or working class woman they were to judge guilty or innocent, it was a wealthy society lady. After only an hour of deliberating, the jury declared Lizzie to be not guilty. It is said it only took them 15 minutes to decide, but out of respect for the prosecution, they waited another 45 minutes before they informed the court of their decision. What makes the Fall River murders so perplexing is that the motive, the weapon and the opportunity for such a crime are all seemingly absent. When the Fall River constabulary investigated the murders, they found no money or jewelry missing, not even small amounts of change or the packet of bus tickets as were taken in the daytime break-in at the Borden home twelve months earlier. Later, Prosecuting Attorney Knowlton hired a machinist who spent two days cracking open Andrew Bordens safe in hopes of finding a missing will disinheriting both daughters. But Borden died intestate, leaving Lizzie and Emma to inherit his entire fortune. .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .postImageUrl , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:visited , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:active { border:0!important; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:active , .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e1733613d5e7fec3e1894e460cb641a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? EssayBesides the lack of a clear motive for the murders, there was also the disconcerting lack of opportunity. Fall River found the entire Borden house locked up as usual, and during the two-and-a-half-hour period in which both murders were completed, the maid Bridget was outside the house washing windows and daughter Lizzie was inside the house reading a magazine. Even if one of the two committed the crime, the violent and bloody act should have been noisy enough to attract the attention of the other. Shortly after the trial, Emma and Lizzie each inherited half of their fathers estate, about $200,000.00 each, a large sum in those days. Their first purchase was a home on The Hill, at 7 French Street, which Lizzie named Maplecroft. While at the time, Lizzie was said to have never had a thought of moving away from Fall River, in her later years, friends said she had questioned her decision to stay. Lizzie became a social outcast after the trial, with few friends remaining loyal. Her every move was scrutinized: if she appeared solemn in public, it was because she was guilt-ridden because of her crime; if she was happy, it proved she was a heartless monster. Soon, the only shopping trips she made were to the larger cities, such as Boston, Providence and New York. Lizzie refused to give newspaper interviews, in the hope that perhaps the attention that was constantly focused upon her would go away. But people were always hungry for gossip about Lizzie, and the papers were all too happy to print any and all rumors that were circulating about her, and if there werent one, the paper would create a new piece of gossip. Among these rumors were tales of supposed engagements and accusations of shoplifting. These papers never seemed willing to print tales of her good deeds, such as her many charitable donations, her aide to deserving young people who could not afford a college education. Nor did they print stories of her love of animals, or of the arts. Lizzie enjoyed going to the theatre, and was an avid fan of Nance ONeil, a stage and silent film actress of the day. It was a party thrown for Nance and the members of her acting troupe that caused Emma to move from Maplecroft in 1905. Emma, being a quiet and timid woman, simply could not abide by the rowdiness of Lizzies newfound friends. Little has been written about the friendship between Lizzie and Nance, though rumors abound that they were in fact lovers for a brief time. It is nearly impossible to say whether or not this is true. At the same time, however, Lizzie may have become very lonely. How many men were likely to call on a woman that may have killed her father and stepmother? Perhaps out of desperation, Lizzie sought comfort and love in the arms of another woman. By many reports, Lizzie and Emma had little or no communication after Emma left Maplecroft. Emma moved to Newmarket, New Hampshire, and the two sisters never saw each other again. Lizzie died on June 1, 1927, at the age of 67. Emma did not attend the funeral, because on the day of Lizzies death, she had fallen and suffered a broken hip. Emma died on June 21, 1927 at the age of 76, just ten days after Lizzie. Both were buried in the Borden family plot, in Fall Rivers Oak Grove Cemetery. Andrew Borden lies between Sarah and Abbey, his wives, while Li zzie and Emma are at his feet. A grant made to the city of Fall River in Lizzies will pays for the perpetual upkeep of the plot.

Time Management Essays-Various Essays - Time Management, The Organ

Time Management Essays-Various Top Five Time Management Mistakes Time management is not necessarily working "harder", but rather, "smarter." And to accomplish significantly more in our days, we need not increase our efforts. As an example, in a horse race, the first horse may earn a $50,000 purse and the second horse may earn a $25,000 purse. The first horse gets twice as much money as the second horse, not because it ran twice as far or twice as fast. It was only a "nose ahead" of the competition. So it is with our daily results. We need not run twice as fast or put in twice the effort to significantly increase our daily success. We only need to be a "nose ahead" of where we already are. We are all productive in our days. We would not survive the demands of this world if we were not. The real challenge is how much more productive can we become? And, a lot of our time management has to do with more of what we are not doing rather than what we are doing. Sometimes our mistakes and omissions will keep us from running at a full pace. Here are the Top Five Time Management Mistakes we should all avoid to help us to increase our daily success both on and off the job, in less time and with less stress. 1. Start your day without a plan of action. You will begin your day by responding to the loudest voice (the squeaky wheel gets the grease) and spend it in a defensive mode, responding to other people's and events' demands. The tail will wag the dog. If there is a void of leadership in your time management life, someone will fill that void, not that others are bad people, but others will take all of your time if you let them. You will have worked hard but may not have done enough of right things. Time Management is not doing the wrong things quicker. That just gets us nowhere faster. Time Management is doing the right things. 2. Get out of balance in your life. Our lives are made up of Seven Vital Areas: Health, Family, Financial, Intellectual, Social, Professional, and Spiritual. We will not necessarily spend time every day in each area or equal amounts of time in each area. But if in the long run, we spend a sufficient quantity and quality of time in each area, our lives will be in balance. But if we neglect any one area, never mind two or three, we will eventually sabotage our success. Much like a table, if one leg is longer than the rest, it will make the entire table wobbly. If we don't take time for health, our family life and social life are hurt. If our financial area is out of balance, we will not be able to focus adequately on our professional goals, etc. 3. Work with a messy desk or work area. Studies have shown that the person who works with a messy desk spends, on average, one and a half hours per day looking for things or being distracted by things. That's seven and a half hours per week. ("Out of sight-out of mind." And the reverse of that is true too, "In sight, in mind"). And, it's not a solid block of an hour and a half, but a minute here and a minute there, and like a leaky hot water faucet, drip, drip, drip, it doesn't seem like a major loss, but at the end the day, we're dumping gallons of hot water down the drain that we are paying to heat. If you have ever visited the office of a top manager, typically, that person is working with a clean desk environment. Many would attribute this practice to that person's access to other staff members. While there may be some truth in that conclusion, in most cases, if we went back some years in that person's career, they probably were working with a clean desk back then which gave them the focus they needed to become promoted to where they are today. 4. Don't get enough sleep. Studies show that nearly 75% of us complain on a regular basis, all throughout our days, that we are flat-out tired. For most people, they get the quantity of sleep, but they lack the quality of sleep. Their days are filled with so much stress, they are out of control, working harder but maybe not smarter, that it's difficult to get a

New Teachers Going Back To School Example

New Teachers Going Back To School Example New Teachers Going Back To School – Article Example New Teachers going back to school Department New Teachers going back to school One would make no mistake pointing out that the article which is titled New Teachers Going â€Å"Back† to School is a rather peculiar as well as effective one. These are the useful advices it contains: first of all, it is important to focus on the students and do one’s best while teaching. Secondly, the teacher should have no illusions about the children one teaches: it is important to accept them as they are. Finally, one should be kind to oneself and others.I strongly agree with the ideas that were presented in the articles. Indeed, why the first advice might seem as too obvious, a considerable number of teachers, even the most experienced ones, might overlook its significance. In addition to that, the last advice may also appear to be quite helpful as the days on a new job might appear to be quite stressful and the young teachers will not know how to get rid of the stress that affects thei r work negatively.As has been mentioned before, the advices of the article are quite useful; so, I will utilize this information in the following way: keep my mind focused on teaching and perceiving every student objectively. For this I will keep track of strong and weak points of the children and adjust my teaching style accordingly. In addition to that, I will think of an activity that will allow me to forget about the stress and the work load so that I will always have a suitable tool for recharging my batteries, figuratively speaking.References"New Teachers Going "Back" to School." Teaching Tolerance. tolerance.org/blog/new-teachers-going-back-school (accessed October 27, 2014).

EMTALA Scenario Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EMTALA Scenario Analysis - Term Paper Example An Analysis of the Situation From a casual glance, the situation is one that appears simple and dismissible, going by the orthopediatrician’s correspondence. This is because; at a casual glance, the status of the patient which is characterized by a non-displaced, splintable and easily detectable fracture is one that is not serious enough to warrant an emergency. Nevertheless, a critical reflection on the situation makes it clear that it is possible that the case may be complicated enough to warrant a legal suit against the hospital. This is especially the case if it turns out that the hospital’s orthopediatrician was either being economical with the truth, or read from an inaccurate source. Conversely, it is also possible that the participating hospital (the hospital that intends to transfer the patient) could be trying to refer the patient as a way of dumping the patient. How the Situation Is Impacted By EMTALA The situation, as misty (due to scantiness and contradicti on of information) as it is, totally applies to EMTALA mandate. The place of the participating hospital may be insignificant to the matter at hand. This is because the hospital could be having a deficiency of an emergency department. Secondly, the nature of the fracture is relatively less serious but may be very complicated. This is because to the layman, the fracture is less serious since it is less visible than compound, open and displaced fractures. However, the fact that pain, swelling and stiffness accompany non-displaced fractures is a matter that directly invokes emergency and thereby necessitating the consideration of EMTALA provisions. According to Bitterman (2011), EMTALA provisions describe medical emergency as a condition that manifests itself by acute and severe symptoms to an extent that failure to administer immediate medical attention places the patient’s health in danger and physiological and anatomical impairment. It is a fact that the non-displaced fracture is causing the patient severe physical pain and will also precipitate swelling and stiffness to the injured arm. Over time, bone and blood infections may ensue as the patient is left untreated. Nonetheless, despite all of these, the fact that EMTALA applies when there is an individual having a medical emergency, and when a request has been made on behalf of the individual for examination, treatment of a medical condition or both, makes the consideration of the patient more binding. In this case, there is a patient with a fractured arm, alongside a request placed by a participating hospital. Above all, even Levy and Pravikoff (2012) acknowledge that EMTALA stipulates that it matters not that the condition is palpable or perceptible to others or that the patient or the participating hospital is able to adduce evidence of the emergency or not. This means that the counterargument by the orthopediatrician that the fracture is a non-displaced one and that it can be splinted and seen in t he office is neither here nor there. The Decision to Make As the Administrator In the case presented, it will be important to have the patient with the fractured hand referred, even if his fracture seems not to warrant strictly urgent medical attention since it is non-displaced, splintable and easily detectable. The Rationale and Thought Process behind the Process The decision to have the patient referred to the hospital for an emergency treatment is very informed and

Public Policy- Environmental Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Policy- Environmental Policy - Essay Example and more so, the influences of population growth, urbanization, industrialisation, new expanding technological advances, exploitation of resource and their impact. Critical value of restoring as well as enhancing environmental quality to the welfare and progress of man are well emphasized. The role of stakeholders- Federal Government, public and private organizations in using practicable measures and means that include technical and financial assistance to promote the welfare and maintain states under which nature and man can coexist in a productive way to fulfil the economic, and social needs of future and present generations .The policy was to directly educate the Americans that, safe, aesthetically- culturally pleasing, healthful, productive, safe, important historic, and natural aspects of our heritage, biodiversity, and free choice can only be attained through environmental preservation. And this could only be achieved when a state of equilibrium is attained between population and the available resource for use to allow high standards of living and enhance promote renewable resources and approach to maximise recycling of the non-renewable resources. This therefore calls for recognition that every person is entitled to enjoy a healthful environment and the responsibility he has to contribute towards preserving and the environment. The policy vividly states the responsibilities of each individual as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations and assure the society of productive ,culturally, safe, healthful, and aesthetically pleasing surroundings the legislation should further enhance positive use of the environment without degradation other unintended consequences. Furthermore it stresses that government should utilize interdisciplinary approach to ensure integrated use of social and natural sciences in planning and for indecision making to impact on the environment. In the present societies, economic and social activities are

Training Session Essay Example for Free

Training Session Essay In this task I am going to design a six week training programme for two selected contrasting clients, I will the explain the choice of activities for these clients. I will then justify these choices for both of my clients and I will suggest alternatives for activities. For my first client I have chosen two main areas of improvement, these areas would be core strength and cardiovascular endurance. I have chosen these two areas because from the exercises and fitness test that we have performed my client has showed a weakness in those areas and they would like to improve on these areas. Week 1 For the first week I have decided to introduce both core strength and cardiovascular exercises, I have stated that I would like my client to start at 12 in the afternoon and I would like her to work at around 50 percent intensity. I would have her start off with a general warm up e.g. 10 minute jog and stretches. The session would last 10 minutes with a 30 second rest between each set and a 1 minute rest after each exercise. Then I would progress into the training programme, the first exercise I would have her do would be 2 sets of 20 sit ups. I chose sit ups because they are a good way of improving the strength and tone of stomach muscles which will help in developing core strength. I have chosen this exercise rather than crunches because I feel that crunches might be too hard to do at first, but when she can do more sit ups I will then progress it onto crunches. An alternative to sit ups would be leg raises because they will work the same muscles, at the amount of stress and my client might find them easier than sit ups. I would then go onto 2 sets of 12 men’s style press ups; I have chosen this style of press ups because this will help the strength in her arms as well as the strength of her abdominals and will help improve core strength. I have chosen these rather than woman’s style press ups because I feel like she will benefit more from men’s style because she will have to work harder and her muscle will develop better because this exercise is harder for her than the other type. So the alternative for this exercise would be the woman’s style press up, it is easier than the other style and my client might be able to perform more, and it would still be working the same muscle groups, that is why I have chosen this as an alternative. I would then move onto 2 sets of 12 lungs with a 2kg weight in one hand: I chose this exercise because I feel that it will help my client’s core strength, leg strength and  will also improve her balance. I chose to use a weight rather than not to use one because it will put her muscles under more stress and will make it harder for her which will help the muscles that she is using cope with future exercises. An alternative exercise would be to do lunges but do not use a weight, because it will be easier for my client to do the exercise but will still put strain and stress on the muscles groups that she is using. For the final exercise I would have my client do 2 sets of 12 squats: I chose this exercise because it will help develop the stomach muscles, improve leg strength, and will help improve core stability. I chosen to do this exercise rather than burpes because I think overall this will help with more things and improve her core strength greater than doing burpes. An alternative exercise would be to perform jump squats, for less repetitions, I chose this because I think it will still use the same muscle groups but because it is an explosive exercise it could put the body under more strain which will help develop the muscles that we are using. Second day For this day I am going to concentrate on core strength, I would like my client to work at 30 percent intensity it is a low intensity but I have chosen this because her muscles will need to time to recover from the exercise on the first day. She will need to start these exercises at 12 in the afternoon. For these exercises I would need her to do a general warm up for 10 minutes but focus more on stretching the muscles that will be in use. The session will last about 10 minutes with a 1 minute rest between each exercise and a 20 second rest between each set. The first exercise that I want my client to do is 2 sets of 20 crunches, I chose this exercise because it is a good way of using all of your abdominal muscles and will help improve core strength and stability. I chose this exercise rather than regular sit ups because sit ups don’t use all of the abdominal muscles and don’t put as much strain on these muscles unlike crunches. An alternative to doing crunches would be to go back to doing regular sit ups, this is easier than doing the crunches but it will still help on improving core strength and stability because it is still using the abdominal muscles. Then I would move onto doing the core stability exercise the plank. I chose to use the plank because it shows me how good my clients core strength and stability is and it is a great way to tone up the abdominal muscles and improve strength  in that area. An alternative to the plank could be press ups, my client would still be using the same muscles but this would improve the strength of her arms and would still help tone up and define the stomach muscles. Then the final exercise that I would have my client perform would be the leg raise hold. I chose this exercise because it helps tone up and develop the strength of the abdominal muscles and it is another way of me seeing the ability of my client core strength. An alternative to doing the lag raise hold w ould be to do leg raises, my client would still be using the same muscles and it would be easier for my client to do that’s why it would be a good alternative. T hird day For this day I am going to concentrate on core stability and strength. I would like my client to work at 40 percent intensity I have chosen this intensity because we the day before we have concentrated on core strength and I don’t want my client to become injured. I want my client to concentrate on doing stretches for this warm up so that she doesn’t pull a muscle or strain one because we are using the same muscle groups all the time. The session will last 10 minutes and will have 30 rests between each exercise. The first exercise that I want my client to perform is going to be 2 sets of 12 leg raises. I chose this exercise because it helps strengthen the stomach muscles and also helps tone the muscles that are being used. I chosen this rather than just doing sit ups because it’s something different and it will stop my client from becoming bored of doing the same exercises. An alternative of doing this exercise would be do perform sit up it would still be using the same muscles but won’t help tone and define them as much as leg raises do. The second exercise that I want my client to do is going to be the sit up bike for 1 minute. I chose this exercise because it will help strengthen and tone up the stomach muscles and will help develop the muscles for later exercises. I chose this instead of the leg raise hold because I think this is a good change and will keep my client interested in the training programme. An alternative to this exercise could be sit ups, they still work the same muscle groups and will still help develop the muscles un that area. The third exercise that I would like my client to do would be the plank for 1 minute.

The Metamorphosises of Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo :: Monte Cristo

The Metamorphosises of Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Alexandre Dumas's The Count of Monte Cristo the main character, Edmond Dantes, takes on various identities. Some people have even argued that his continuing metamorphosises verge on Multiple Personality Disorder. Those people are wrong. Though he does exhibit similiar symptoms, Dantes differs from MPD sufferers in that he is fully conscious of the new identities he takes on. In fact, he does changes intentionally. His purpose in taking on new identities is to seek vengeance on his enemies while maintaining the innocence of Edmond Dantes.    Edmond Dantes a successful, happy, young sailor was wrongfully imprisoned on September 15, 1815. He was sent there by four men, each of whom had a different reason to be hungry for his downfall. Caderousse was guilty because of his drunken stupidity, Fernand because of his lustful envy, Danglars because of his treacherous greed, and finally Villefort because of the terrible lengths he would go to in order to protect his name. When Dantes entered prison he was a nineteen-year-old boy with a kind and pure soul. After learning about the conspiracy to ruin his life, however, he became obsessed with gettting vengeance. Upon his escape from the Chateau d'If, he set out on a journey to reward those who had been good to him and to set right the wrongs that had been done to him.    Dantes was initially successful at his attempt. The first person from his past whom he encountered was Monsiuer Caderousse. He went to Caderousse's inn dressed as Abbe Faria and was told what had become of the three men most responsible for his imprisonment. Caderousse had no idea that the man he was talking to was Edmond Dantes. There was one person, however, that recognized him immediately. Mercedes, his former fiance, had never forgotten Dantes or the young love that they once shared. One of the reasons that Mercedes had loved him so much was the great admiration she had for him. She considered Dantes a sweet, honest, fair, and forgiving man. Dantes wore disguises because he did not want her to know that he had turned into a vengeful, angry, and uncaring person.    Eventually, however, he gave up this aspiration because he had failed to fool her. No one else guessed Dantes' true identity.

Politics and Propaganda

Political advertising is often considered a deceitful and scheming idea. Advertisers carefully word everything they include in an advertisement to give off a claim that many viewers do not realize is not really there. These false claims are meant to alter the public's outlook in favor of the advertisement. Barrack Obama and Hillary Clinton's advertisements are primary examples of the devious techniques that are exemplified in the works of William Lutz and Donna Woolfolk Cross through the use or weasel words, stroking, and euphemisms. During his first presidential election in 2008 for the Democratic candidate, Barrack Obama launched an advertisement titled Defining Moment. He says he will launch a rescue plan for the middle class and provide a tax cut for ninety-five percent of working Americans and will make low-cost loans available to small businesses. Obama promises to focus on our urgent national priorities by reducing the cost of health care and provide children with the education help they need to compete. In order to raise the money he needs for these promises, he plans to eliminate programs that do not work (Political Communication Lab). According to Lutz's essay about weasel words, Obama's advertisement is full of words that can force the audience to make assumptions that they should not. In the first part of this advertisement, he promises a tax cut, but never specifies the quantity of percentage of the tax cut. The tax cut percentage could be so slight that it does not make a difference at all, and really would not affect a viewer's judgment. However, this advertisement is designed to allow the audience to assume the cut will be of a large sum and will benefit them. Obama also never declares what he considers to be a low-cost loan or a small business. What he considers to be low-cost and small may very well be different than that of a viewer. Obama adds those cunning words ‘help' and ‘reduce' that Lutz was sure to warn about in his article. These words, like low-cost and small, mean nothing at all and he is not really making a promise to do anything. The word help only means to aid or assist and reduce simply means lessen in amount (Lutz 443). This advertisement could also tie in with Cross's essay â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled. † Obama is saying anything and everything the public wants to hear him say in order for him to become the more desired candidate. Cross defines this technique as argumentum ad populum, also known as stroking (Cross 126). Advertisers used strategies included in both Cross and Lutz's essays to scam the viewers into believing he was making this sincere promise to them. An advertisement created by Obama titled Need Education was solely aired on television to attack statements made by opponent and Republican John McCain. This advertisement stated McCain â€Å"opposed a law to give women equal pay for equal work † and â€Å"he dismissed wage gap saying that women just need education and training. The woman speaking throughout the advertisement claimed that â€Å"John McCain is the one who needs an education on the economy † (Political Communication Lab). The last statement of this advertisement is easily associated with Lutz's essay â€Å"The World of Doublespeak. The advertisers are using the phrase â€Å"needs an education † as a euphemism. They chose a more appropriate and not as noticeable way of calling McCain stupid and not knowing what he is talking about when it comes to the economy (Lutz 160). This statement alone could alter a viewer's opinion of McCain because they would not want a non-educated man in office. Hillary Clinton, also a Democrat running for president, aired her advertisement Voice during the 2008 election. Clinton states that she hears everyone in America. They are asking for affordable health care, less foreclosures on homes, more affordable gas prices, and make college more affordable. Clinton claims she will bring more to the White House than just her experience and will bring your voice (Political Communication Lab). The advertisers sneak in words such as less and more all throughout this advertisement. How much is much and exactly low less is less? The answer is different for every person and Clinton never indicates her meaning of these words. More and less are two prime examples of weasel words that correlate with Lutz's article. These words are meant to fool the audience since they do not have a true meaning and were carefully selected for this advertisement (Lutz 450). By saying she will bring the voice of America into the White House, she is putting into action a strategy defined by Cross. Just as Obama, she is using the argumentum ad populum tactic to convince viewers that she truly is the best interest for America (Cross 126). Advertisers strategically use these lines of attack to make their candidate seem to be top of the line and clearly the best option for everyone. Understanding the techniques described by both Cross and Lutz that are used in political advertising is crucial to the people of America. If viewers are unaware of these tactics then they are more likely to be fooled when the outcome of these so called promises don't turn out to be what was expected. Educating the public of the manipulating intentions in advertising can save a person from having their opinion decided for them and allow them to truly make the best decision for their country.

Social Media For Promoting And Marketing Films Media Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6493 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The effects of social media as a tool used for film marketing and promotion, an investigation of both dependant and independent filmmakers around the world. Abstract This dissertation will help to analyse and evaluate the different ways in which social media as platform is being used as an alternative way to promote and market films by filmmakers in the media industry. Studies were commenced in order to explore the future potential of social media as an industry in the world of film making, as well as to understand the different approaches and steps taken by film makers in order to reach as wide an audience as possible. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media For Promoting And Marketing Films Media Essay" essay for you Create order Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Research Problem Defined 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 The Blair Witch Project 3 2.2 An Introduction to Social Media 5 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media 7 2.4 Methods used and statistics 9 Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Secondary data 14 3.3 Primary Data 15 3.4 Reflections 15 Chapter Four: Case Studies 4.1 Where The Wild Things Are 17 4.2 Paranormal Activity 19 4.3 Compare and Contrast 21 Chapter Five: Analysis and Findings 5.1 Introduction 22 5.2 Interviews 22 Chapter Six: Conclusion 24 Bibliography Appendix 1.1 Research Problem Defined This dissertation will explore the ins and outs of how and why social media is currently being used by major production companies as well as independent filmmakers all around the world in order to market and promote their films. Up until recently (2009/2010) movie studios had depended largely on highly budgeted advertising campaigns in order to help drive sales and bring in the revenue for their movies. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, the situation seems to be changing. Production companies are realizing the true potential that social media has, as a platform, to directly promote and market films to interested audiences. It is efficient, cheap, and effective. One of the most striking realizations is that social media tends to level out the playing field by giving everyone the ability to showcase their work. This means that anyone with an internet connection and a touch of creativity can take part in this new and exciting way of spreading the word of their project. Needless to say, social media is creating a new world where skill and talent in the filmmaking world will be noticed, while the pretenders will eventually be weeded outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regardless of status or money. Social media is creating a world of equal opportunities, as seen with Fede Alvarezs short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Fede Alvarez who describes himself as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"just a guy from an unknown countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created his short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panicoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with a budget of $300. Within a month of uploading his video on to the website YouTube, Alvarez found himself with a thirty million dollar deal from Hollywood. (https://movingstillmedia.com/613/cracks-in-the-dam-of-digital-distribution). Clearly, this goes to show that with a lot of hard work, a great product, and the right social media tools, the ability to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is indeed possible. Research undertaken in this medium is for the following reasons: To understand the true power and potential that social media has as a platform, as well as to try and comprehend the different ways in which social media is being used, and by whom. Additionally, to discuss the issue with the filmmakers themselves. There are a few reasons as to why I decided to undergo extensive research in the field of social media in the filmmaking industry. This topic was chosen due to my great personal interest and enthusiasm for technology/social media, film making, and photography. As a student, and out of great passion, I have previously worked on multiple independent film and photography related projects, in which the only way of spreading my works was through the online world. This has given me a good understa nding of the ability and potential that social media has, as a platform, in order to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain project. This has inspired me to explore the social media landscape in greater depth as well as to take part by signing up and uploading the contents of his work to multiple online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Youtube, Vimeo, Digg, WordPress, Tumblr, and Flickr. This has allowed me to share my work, as well as to build a fan base and contact list of people who are interested in my work. The research undertaken was initiated in order to complete the final year of the BA (Hons) Film and Television Fiction degree at the University of Hertfordshire. 2.1 An introduction to Social Media Social media is a term that has only started being used in recent years with the invention of some of the World Wide Webs most popular platforms such us Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. In its barest form, social media is a technology in the online world (the internet) which allows individuals from all over to contribute by sharing content, ideas, opinions, as well as allowing them to rate, comment, tag, and discuss different ideas and information. There are hundreds if not thousands of websites and applications with this technology built in, but only a select few are known to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"large-scaleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ enough to be affective in terms of marketing and promotion. The obvious main players in the world of social media are world renown websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Digg, Linkedin, and Foursquare. What is interesting here is that all of these platforms are known as social media website/web applications, but they all have different purposes. As an example , Youtube is a website dedicated to online video sharing and uploading, whereas Foursquare is a less popular geo-location application. These two platforms may be miles apart in terms of what they are able to provide consumers, but what they do have in common is that they give us the ability to share, comment on, and discuss this contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and this is what social media is all about. In other words, social media has created a system where anyone with an internet connection is able to constantly provide feedback, in real time, on content that is created by their online à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ creating a two way conversation. What is most astounding, and one of the main reasons as to why social media is now being noted as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"game changerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"passing trendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, is that these social media platforms are available to anyone with access to the internet, and for free. Because of this, we are seeing a great surge of interest in this type of media from all types of businesses. Businesses ranging from online wine selling companies, to major Hollywood production companies, to independent musicians and artists. Social media is being recognized as a more efficient and cost effective way to reach audiences as well as to gain feedback from them in real time. In addition to this, and more importantly, social media is the type of platform in which the people decide whom to follow or become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of. This is a very important point to recognize due to the fact that companies, filmmakers, and business owners alike are able to target only those who care about their products, as opposed to traditional forms of marketing where promoting a product is made to the masses, regardless of whether or not they care about the product or company. Social media can be considered as a type of filtering system which allows marketers to focus on a loyal fa n base, whom can in turn, also help spread the word of the company, filmmaker, or business they are fans of. This is especially true for the social network Twitter. As Gary Vaynerchuck, the mastermind behind www.winelibrary.com, put it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? These different types of social networks are revolutionizing the ways in which we connect and communicate, and are allowing fans to make a sincere and direct contribution. 2.2 The Blair Witch Project One of the first films to depend mainly on the internet for heavy marketing was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ With ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s great success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ showed the world that it is indeed possible for anyone with a good idea and decent enough equipment to make it big in the film industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but it is their smart use of the internet which made the film as popular as it is today. Writer/director Ed Sanchez of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and an online community of followers by starting up a website and stoking the Blair Witch myth (See Appendix 1). By the time Artisan, the independent film company, decided to buy the rights to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ there was already enough talk and anticipation for the movies releaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was created only by using the World Wide Web as a direct portal to the secrets of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Web completely levels the playing field; you canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t out-spend somebody on the Web. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s against the grain of every other media; you create a message and give it time to breathe. If the environment is interesting, you can hold onto the fan base longer, as opposed to a 30-second ad thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s here and gone. For us, it was the most important and impactful delivery mechanism,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hegeman, marketing director of Artisan. (https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_36_40/ai_56023086/). What Hegeman is trying to say is that the internet allows for a type of film marketing in which the individuals are the ones who are looking for certain information, which is a much more authentic, appealing, and powerful way of marketing. In terms of promotion on billboards, magazine covers, and television advertisements, the viewe rs are in some ways being forced to these advertisements, and have no way to go back to them. Although Ed Sanchez and Hegeman did not use social media tools (they had not yet been created) to promote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ they used the internet in a strikingly similar fashion. Their website was used as a hub for people to digest content as well as to comment and discuss their ideas and opinions. This created a word of mouth sensation which spread to individuals from all over the world. From analyzing both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and box office hit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ it is fair to say that social media is a great tool for filmmakers to use for exposure and outreach, but it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media in their marketing strategies. Without a doubt, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has gone a long way in facilitating th e transition for filmmakers, especially independent ones, to turn to the online world for marketing and promotion. We have since seen many filmmakers follow in this direction. 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media Only recently (within the past two years) have filmmakers been dominating the social media landscape. This is true for both independent filmmakers as well as large production companies. For independent filmmakers, social media is proving to be a great way to promote their films due to the simple fact that there is a lot of potential for outreach. In addition to this, independent filmmakers are able to receive constant feed back in real time from their fans, which is a great way to help the filmmaker advance both technically and creatively. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interesting here is that this transition is happening very naturally. What makes it easy for independent filmmakers to use these social media platforms to promote and market their films is because they are already using these social networks for their personal lives. Social media is giving independent filmmakers the tools and possibilities to do what they could not have done only a few years ago. This being the case, it is a lso true that these social networks can probably get too crowded by independent filmmakers looking to promote and market their filmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the reasons being ease of use and availability. Obviously, this means that only the absolute best and most persistent will survive and end up being the ones noticed in this world of equal opportunities. In terms of production companies, things seem to be a little different. Unlike independent filmmakers, it seems that only a select few production companies are making the move to social media to promote and market their films. This is due to making sure the production companies reputations stays in tact, but things are changing fast. It is fair to note that even though Hollywood spent millions of dollars on advertising James Cameronà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Sci-fi epic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a huge part of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success was in part due to ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social media strategy. As Samuel Axon states à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã…“Avatar has its own Facebook (Facebook), MySpace (MySpace), and Twitter (Twitter) pages. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting to be standard these days. The 18,000-follower Twitter account has tellingly not been updated since a few days after the filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theatrical release; once the word was out, the job was done. While it was active, though, its followers would retweet updates to their followers, who (if interested) would do the same, spreading the word all over the web. The Facebook Page is even more impressive, with over 700,000 fans.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://mashable.com/2010/01/08/avatar-social-media-web/). The creatives behind Avatar took these social media tools and made the most out of them by delivering content to the fans in clever and creative ways. On December 3rd, 09, MTV held a thirty minute Facebook hosted webcast called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar Live,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in which fans were able to ask James Cameron questions about the movie. Additionally, the movies red carpet live premiere was broadcast live on Ustream, sponsored by Myspace, This, without a doubt, is another great way Avatar used social media as a way of exposure as well as creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around the film. Just because everyone now has the ability and tools to use social media, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that everyone will succeed. As proven by the success of Avatar, it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media into a movies marketing strategy. Without a doubt, Avatars great success as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"biggest movie everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ w ill surely ease the transition by filmmakers to social media. 2.4 Methods used and statistics There are numerous platforms that can be considered social media networks, but only a few have the ability and true potential to successfully promote and market films by film makers and production companies. The obvious three main social media websites are Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter. These online platforms are showing very impressive results for filmmakers, and they continue to dominate and overtake traditional forms of marketing. Facebook: Facebook, the worlds largest social network, with over 400 million people signed up to the service, is the Holy Grail when it comes to social media marketing. Facebooks main feature the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is what separates it from the rest of the competition. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is a section of the social network website in which all of the activity by its users is broadcast for others to see. As simple as this may sound, the effects can be monumental. For example, if an independent filmmaker named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ decides to upload his latest film on his personal Facebook fan page, it will also be broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section of the website for all of his fans to see. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say a fan named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ watches the video and decides to leave a comment on the film. Without even knowing it, fan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will not onl y be providing the filmmaker with feedback in real time, but he will also be spreading the word of film maker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work, as it will be broadcast on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ page for all of his friends to see. So if ten of the filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fans decide to comment or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the video, and letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say that each of the fans have three hundred friends each, then that video is being given the opportunity and potential to be broadcast to over thirty thousand unique visitors. To put simply, keeping in mind the current situation, ten comments on a filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s film would equal to a potential thirty thousand views just by being broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of the ten fans. This is the type of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ power which makes Facebook a very valuable asset to filmmakers. What is even more incredible is that are so many different ways to interact with the content, which makes this type of broadcasting system very appealing to marketers. Also, without a doubt, this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ type of marketing is exactly what helps to create viral videos. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Daniel Frankel. The fact that over four hundred million people are on Facebook, most of which are moviegoers, only goes to prove how valuable of a tool Facebook can be for filmmakers. Youtube: Youtube, the online portal for uploading and viewing videos with over à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1 billion views per day!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/09/youtubes-new-logo-shouts-from-the-rooftops-1-billion-views-per-day/), is one of the major social media tools being used by film makers to promote themselves. Youtube is somewhat similar to other social networks such as Facebook and Twitter in terms of being able to comment and rate content, with the only difference being that it is dedicated to video. This makes Youtube an ideal candidate for film makers to showcase their works. One of the main goals of film makers with in Youtube is for their works to go viral, which tends to give the creator of the content great advertising revenues with in Youtube, as well as free publicity which can eventually lead to bigger deals from production companies as seen with Fede Alvarezs short fim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Although this may be what film makers within the Youtube community hope for, the possibilities are extremely rare due to the fact that millions of videos are uploaded onto the social network daily, many of which are just useless banter. Exceptions do happen as with the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by Buice and Crumley. In simple terms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was kind of a 3-5 minute reality show about the making of their movie. As Adam L. Penenberg explains in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Viral Loop, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Their first podcast was a viral hit and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take long for each new installment to attract sixty-five-thousand downloads via iTunes, YouTube, Google Video, and Myspace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ This is an impressive feat for a viral video which has earned them a lot of publicity, as well as earned them numerous sold out screenings as well as generous revenues from DVD sales. The most interesting factor here is that Buice and Crumley are key players in changing the way in which films are being distributed. Although luck is an important factor, they have proven that it is completely possible to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ without the need of a distributor. This may be far from how the movie industry works at the moment, but it may just in fact be the future of distributution. Twitter: Twitter, unlike Facebook and Youtube, is a social network based around status up dates. You can choose to follow a person or brand that you are interested in and keep up to date with their information. This is unique because it reverses the current way in which we receive information. Instead of looking for information relating to our favourite filmmaker, company, brand, etc, we can just follow them on Twitter and all of the information comes directly to us. We no longer have to go on to several different websites to receive the information we are looking for. This is especially interesting for filmmakers. An independent film maker can use his Twitter account as a link to their website or any other interesting work they have been up to by redirecting their followers to those pages. This being the case, Twitter acts as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"linkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in order to facilitate the ways in which we find and receive information we are interested in. Another important part of Twitter is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section, the retweet feature, as well as the fact that it is based in real time. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section on Twitter is a place where all of the most talked about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"key wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are featured. This means that if the key word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"filmmakerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ were a trending topic, it would be available for the entire Twitter community (of over thirty million individuals) to see. Needless to say, this is the Holy Grail for Twitter users, and just like the possibilities of creating a viral video on Youtube, it is quite a far fetch. From the article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Twilight New Moon Social Media Mania Netà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 81,000 Tweets Per Day,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Jennifer Van Grove paints a clear picture of how Twitter can be used by fans to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain movie. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rest of the tweets, 92% in tot al, paint a very positive picture for New Moon ticket sales. 13% of tweets include twitterers who are trying to plan ahead for their New Moon events, going so far as to use the medium for coordinating viewing parties. As to be expected, the majority of tweets, 59% to be exact, are expressing excitement and counting down the days and the hours until they can catch the flick in theaters.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (https://mashable.com/2009/11/18/twilight-new-moon-stats/). This clearly demonstrates Gary Vaynerchucks quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The buzz around the movie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Twitter has spread from follower to follower, creating a viral sensation, which has allowed for millions of people to hear about the movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which is proven to be free promotion. The retweet feature of Twitter is similar to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feature on Facebook. Followers can choose to retweet any status update they like to all of their followers. This would then be available for all of their followers to see, which can certainly help with the promotion and marketing of a certain product, film, etc. Last but not least, and just like on Facebook and Youtube, followers of a certain brand, product, or filmmaker can choose to comment on status updatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing them with valuable feedback in real time. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction This dissertation has evaluated and come up with a large amount or information pertaining to the idea that social media is increasingly being used by film makers to market and promote their films. The contents of this dissertation are meant to cover three main areas. First of all, and most importantly, is data relating to the rise of social media being used as a platform for filmmakers. Second, the different ways and platforms used in which independent film makers as well as production companies are going about with using social media. Last but not least, an understanding and evaluation of these differences and the impact they have. The information that has been gathered for this dissertation consists of qualitative data from both primary and secondary sources. 3.2 Secondary data Secondary data is the collection and analyzing of other peoples information. With secondary data, the researcher can collect a large variety of information from books, journals, articles, and websites from many different sources. For this dissertation, secondary data was gathered by using the facilities at the University of Hertfordshireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Library, as well as alternative locations for finding books related to the chosen topic. The Internet was a main source for the researcher to gather information due to the fact that there is not a lot of published works out there about the chosen topic. The data collected from the World Wide Web was informative and up to date. 3.3 Primary Data Primary data is usually the collection of data for specific criteria by conducting interviews, creating questionnaires, and analyzing certain information, etc. The primary data collected for this dissertation is unique to this research. For this dissertation, only one method has been used. Interviews were conducted with filmmakers Gary Nadeau, Stuart Read, and Charles Son. This is in order to try and further understand the topic question, as well as to see real world examples of how filmmakers are currently using social media to promote and market their films. Additionally, we are given different perspectives, opinions, and insights into how they believe that social media film marketing landscape. 3.4 Reflections It proved difficult trying to find published works relating to how social media is being used by filmmakers to market their films. Because social media as a platform, as well as social media being used as a tool to promote and market films is still in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s early stages, most of the appropriate information discovered was from the online world on websites such as www.mashable.com and www.techcrunch.com. Although a few books were used in this dissertation, they were focused more on social media in general rather than related to film, which made it hard to find specific film examples. The interviews conducted were in order to gain real world insight as to how social media is being used by filmmakersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was valuable primary research. The interviewees were highly professional and responded within a few days. One of the interviews with speechwriter and consultant Ian Griffin seemed to be unusable for this dissertation due to the fact that it was focused on social media being used by businesses rather than filmmakers. 4.1 Where the Wild Things Are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ written by Maurice Sendak and directed by Spike Jonze, is a Universal Studios released film based on the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book by the same author. Although à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a pretty solid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ marketing method including posters, billboards, sponsors from Kodak, Urban Outfitters, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ also has a pretty intelligent and top-notch social media campaign. This campaign has led their marketing agency to deliver a Facebook fan page, iphone application, Twitter integration, as well as sponsorship on www.digg.com. All of these social media platforms are being used as different ways for fans to interact with and learn more about the characters and the movie, whilst at the same time allowing them to spread the word to all of their friends via Facebook and Twitter. The logic behind this move is simple. Universal Studios is giving fans a way to sell the movie for them. And the way this is done is via word of mouth throughout the online world, with hopes of creating a somewhat viral type of effect. In order to understand this, we must analyze and comprehend the different ways and methods used by Universal Studios in terms of social media. For the first time ever, the worlds most popular social news website www.digg.com placed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sponsoredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ advertisement link which redirected to an article about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on their website. The social news website Digg would previously only place the most requested articles on their front page. With the introduction of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ being placed on the front page of Digg in the form of an advertisement, a lot of talk surrounded the movie, and with Digg being a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"socialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ news website, a lot of that talk was spread throughout the interweb via integration with Twitter and Facebook. This type of social media integration for the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was a smart move, as it was the first of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s kind and helped spread word of the film in the form of word of mouth. One of the movies greatest uses of social media is its Facebook page (See Appendix 2). With currently over 1.8 million fans, the movies Facebook page surely had a great impact on the films popularity and ticket sales. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The movie version of the popular childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book Where the Wild Things Are is set to premier this Friday, and its Facebook page appears to be riding the success of a multimedia advertising blitz. It has grown from 72,000 users on the first of the month to 1.37 million fans today. The page itself has been getting updated nearly every day acting as a sort of hub for other promotional efforts. The re are links to various trailer videos, behind-the-scenes footage, music from the film, sneak-peaks and other features. Besides YouTube previews, the Warner Bros. movie also has a nice-looking iPhone app, and even a hipster clothing line.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Eric Eldon. (https://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/10/13/where-the-wild-things-are-on-facebook/). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where the Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a multimedia based Facebook fan page which is based around content pertaining to the movie. The fan page consists of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ tab which allows you to customize and take a look at posters, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Videoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can watch behind the scenes footage as well as trailers and interview, and finally a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"soundtrackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can listen to and purchase music from the film. Last but not least, the Facebook fan page has a main à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"wallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where all the information about the movie is updated. Fans can then comment, share, discuss,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and much more on all of this content that is being released. This social media integration for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ means two things. First of all, the content we are being given such a s movie trailers and samples of the movie soundtrack are nothing new. Film studios have been releasing trailers, interviews, soundtrack clips, as well as posters for a long time now. What makes it different is that the marketers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are releasing this content all in one place, and in a social environment. For most fans, the fact that all of this content is in one place and on their favourite social website, makes it a lot easier for them to keep up to date and informed of the latest on goings of the movie. The fact that all of this content is being delivered to fans in a social content makes it more interesting for fans, as they can see what others think of certain trailers, etc, while giving their own two cents as well. Whilst all of this is going on, unbeknownst to most fans, in a very discreet and indirect way, they are selling the movie for the Universal Studios. 4.2 Paranormal Activity The story of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is very similar to that of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Both movies were produced on a low budget and harnessed the power of the internet in order to build buzz and gain a large enough following for movie studios to buy and release the films nationwide. Unlike à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which was created prior to what is known as social media today, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a different story. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We have the advantage with all these digital tools of allowing word of mouth to spread much faster than before, which is sending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? into wide release in more theaters this week.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Amy Powell, senior vice president of interactive marketing for Paramount Pictures Corp. (https://www.seattlepi.com/movies/411245_paranormal16.html). After eight free screenings at theatres acro ss The United States, the producers decided that they would let the fans decide weather or not the movie should be released nation-wide (See Appendix 3). The way they did this is by partnering up with Eventful and using social media to ask viewers to request the nation-wide release of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and only after one million requests would they release the movie. After four days, and a million requests later, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was released nation-wide. With every request, fans would be able to tweet it about it, which has without a doubt contributed greatly to the buzz created for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. What is interesting with this type of social media marketing campaign is that the producers have given the power to the audience. This has never been done before, which was quite a risky move for the producers, but nevertheless proved successful. First of all, it is vital to understand that allowing the audience to decide whether or not the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should be released was a very smart move. By giving fans the power to request the film, they are also given them a feeling that they are being part of a community. Obviously, this would give fans one of the two main reasons to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about the movie and spread the word about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The second reason simply being that if someone requests the movie, it would be because they have an interest in watching that movie, so naturally they will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about it so that all of their friends will request it as well. This type of marketing is very unique, as it has never been done before due to technological limitations. This is why it is very important to understand that social media is allowing companies and independent film makers to expand on their horizons by finding creative and original ways to reach the large number of people who are using these social media tools for personal reasons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is also a great example as to how their marketing campaign is designed in a way to make the fans sell the movie for them. 4.3 Compare and Contrast To compare and contrast, both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have had great success in using social media as a tool for marketing and promotionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ although in different ways. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused mainly on multimedia by delivering content to its fans, whilst à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused more on creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and letting the fans decide the fate of the movie. These are two extremely different strategies, yet both were based on using the same social media tools. What this means is that social media is not a magic wand that one can wave and turn their film into an overnight success. Social media is a platform with a lot of potential if used in moderate and creative ways by movie studios. In the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranor mal Activity,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ both social media campaigns have worked and proven that social media is one of the ways forward when it comes to film marketing. Spike Jonze, the director of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has recently released a short film titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m Hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which is marketed entirely using Facebook. This is a clear indicator to prove the above point that social media is the way forward in terms of film marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and just like Finola Kerrigan states in her book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Film Marketing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Online and viral marketing campaigns are now as important as the conventional practices.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 5.1 Introduction Three interviews were conducted with industry professionals Gary Nadeau (See Appendix 4), Charles Son (See Appendix 5), and Stuart Read (See Appendix 6) who use social media as a way to promote and market their films. The answers from the questions were surprisingly similar, as they all seemed to think that social media has definitely helped them with exposure for their works. The views expressed are personal ones and only subject to the intervieweesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ point of view. 5.2 Interviews After analyzing the interviews, it seems clear that social media is playing a huge role in the professional lives of the filmmakers. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really have any other way of reaching such a vast amount of people. For larger production companies, this is not really the case. They can still use social media, but it is not a necessity as it is for independent filmmakers. Also, in a way, social media is the beginning of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"personal brandingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ era for filmmakers. What this means is that the most successful filmmakers are the ones who will be able to brand themselves by creating and building a fan base that they can connect and interact with. This was not possible in the past, but with social media, it is becoming a must amongst filmmakers. Another thing that the interviewees commented on was the fact that social media allows them to share, interact, teach, be taught, and to communicate wit h like-minded people. This is a very interesting point, as it is the true essence of what social media is all about. It is about taking content and making it social. This in return allows for the filmmakers to receive feedback as well as to build their fan base and contact list. Social media is creating a smaller world where distance is no longer an issue, and where everyone has a say. Last but not least, it is fair to conclude that social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is not a passing trend, but rather, an integral part of the way things work. The way in which social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is growing is at an exponential rate. Businesses are being formed around this, and large production companies are trying to find ways to capitalize on it. Social media is facilitating communication, interaction, and is bringing us closer to the filmmakers we admire more than ever. It is closing in on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Six degrees of separationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ and is being seen as a very valuable asset which will most likely continue to dominate and evolve with more and more people making the jump to using social media as a main form of marketing and communication. To conclude, it is proving to be quite popular amongst filmmakers to make the leap to social media for promoting and marketing their works. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who do not have the budget of Hollywood movies. Social media has definitely shown a lot of growth and potential, but it is also fair to understand that this platform is one that is still new and in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s baby stages. It is hard to predict how social media will continue to help filmmakers promote and market their films. From todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s real world examples, social media is proving to be quite a powerful tool in differentiating a good film from a bad one. Just like Twitter helped spread the word of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it has also helped to bring down some heavily marketed films. The film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Brunoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ starring Sacha Baron Cohen, which had a great opening weekend, saw a huge decline in ticket sales after the word spread tha t the movie was not as good as it seemed. This is due to the bad reviews and comments made by individuals using Facebook, Twitter, and other social media networks to express their opinions. This is the first time in history that Hollywood has seen such a large decline of ticket sales in such a short period of time, proving that social media is in fact very affective when it comes to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ be it good or bad. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Facebook is really the focus for us right now. Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day. In fact, I think marketers are fixated on Facebook because we tend to use it a lot ourselves,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? David Singh, executive VP of creative content for Disney. (https://www.mediazbiz.com/2009/11/13/movie-tv-social-media-marketing/).