Training Session Essay Example for Free

Training Session Essay In this task I am going to design a six week training programme for two selected contrasting clients, I will the explain the choice of activities for these clients. I will then justify these choices for both of my clients and I will suggest alternatives for activities. For my first client I have chosen two main areas of improvement, these areas would be core strength and cardiovascular endurance. I have chosen these two areas because from the exercises and fitness test that we have performed my client has showed a weakness in those areas and they would like to improve on these areas. Week 1 For the first week I have decided to introduce both core strength and cardiovascular exercises, I have stated that I would like my client to start at 12 in the afternoon and I would like her to work at around 50 percent intensity. I would have her start off with a general warm up e.g. 10 minute jog and stretches. The session would last 10 minutes with a 30 second rest between each set and a 1 minute rest after each exercise. Then I would progress into the training programme, the first exercise I would have her do would be 2 sets of 20 sit ups. I chose sit ups because they are a good way of improving the strength and tone of stomach muscles which will help in developing core strength. I have chosen this exercise rather than crunches because I feel that crunches might be too hard to do at first, but when she can do more sit ups I will then progress it onto crunches. An alternative to sit ups would be leg raises because they will work the same muscles, at the amount of stress and my client might find them easier than sit ups. I would then go onto 2 sets of 12 men’s style press ups; I have chosen this style of press ups because this will help the strength in her arms as well as the strength of her abdominals and will help improve core strength. I have chosen these rather than woman’s style press ups because I feel like she will benefit more from men’s style because she will have to work harder and her muscle will develop better because this exercise is harder for her than the other type. So the alternative for this exercise would be the woman’s style press up, it is easier than the other style and my client might be able to perform more, and it would still be working the same muscle groups, that is why I have chosen this as an alternative. I would then move onto 2 sets of 12 lungs with a 2kg weight in one hand: I chose this exercise because I feel that it will help my client’s core strength, leg strength and  will also improve her balance. I chose to use a weight rather than not to use one because it will put her muscles under more stress and will make it harder for her which will help the muscles that she is using cope with future exercises. An alternative exercise would be to do lunges but do not use a weight, because it will be easier for my client to do the exercise but will still put strain and stress on the muscles groups that she is using. For the final exercise I would have my client do 2 sets of 12 squats: I chose this exercise because it will help develop the stomach muscles, improve leg strength, and will help improve core stability. I chosen to do this exercise rather than burpes because I think overall this will help with more things and improve her core strength greater than doing burpes. An alternative exercise would be to perform jump squats, for less repetitions, I chose this because I think it will still use the same muscle groups but because it is an explosive exercise it could put the body under more strain which will help develop the muscles that we are using. Second day For this day I am going to concentrate on core strength, I would like my client to work at 30 percent intensity it is a low intensity but I have chosen this because her muscles will need to time to recover from the exercise on the first day. She will need to start these exercises at 12 in the afternoon. For these exercises I would need her to do a general warm up for 10 minutes but focus more on stretching the muscles that will be in use. The session will last about 10 minutes with a 1 minute rest between each exercise and a 20 second rest between each set. The first exercise that I want my client to do is 2 sets of 20 crunches, I chose this exercise because it is a good way of using all of your abdominal muscles and will help improve core strength and stability. I chose this exercise rather than regular sit ups because sit ups don’t use all of the abdominal muscles and don’t put as much strain on these muscles unlike crunches. An alternative to doing crunches would be to go back to doing regular sit ups, this is easier than doing the crunches but it will still help on improving core strength and stability because it is still using the abdominal muscles. Then I would move onto doing the core stability exercise the plank. I chose to use the plank because it shows me how good my clients core strength and stability is and it is a great way to tone up the abdominal muscles and improve strength  in that area. An alternative to the plank could be press ups, my client would still be using the same muscles but this would improve the strength of her arms and would still help tone up and define the stomach muscles. Then the final exercise that I would have my client perform would be the leg raise hold. I chose this exercise because it helps tone up and develop the strength of the abdominal muscles and it is another way of me seeing the ability of my client core strength. An alternative to doing the lag raise hold w ould be to do leg raises, my client would still be using the same muscles and it would be easier for my client to do that’s why it would be a good alternative. T hird day For this day I am going to concentrate on core stability and strength. I would like my client to work at 40 percent intensity I have chosen this intensity because we the day before we have concentrated on core strength and I don’t want my client to become injured. I want my client to concentrate on doing stretches for this warm up so that she doesn’t pull a muscle or strain one because we are using the same muscle groups all the time. The session will last 10 minutes and will have 30 rests between each exercise. The first exercise that I want my client to perform is going to be 2 sets of 12 leg raises. I chose this exercise because it helps strengthen the stomach muscles and also helps tone the muscles that are being used. I chosen this rather than just doing sit ups because it’s something different and it will stop my client from becoming bored of doing the same exercises. An alternative of doing this exercise would be do perform sit up it would still be using the same muscles but won’t help tone and define them as much as leg raises do. The second exercise that I want my client to do is going to be the sit up bike for 1 minute. I chose this exercise because it will help strengthen and tone up the stomach muscles and will help develop the muscles for later exercises. I chose this instead of the leg raise hold because I think this is a good change and will keep my client interested in the training programme. An alternative to this exercise could be sit ups, they still work the same muscle groups and will still help develop the muscles un that area. The third exercise that I would like my client to do would be the plank for 1 minute.

The Metamorphosises of Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo :: Monte Cristo

The Metamorphosises of Dantes in The Count of Monte Cristo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In Alexandre Dumas's The Count of Monte Cristo the main character, Edmond Dantes, takes on various identities. Some people have even argued that his continuing metamorphosises verge on Multiple Personality Disorder. Those people are wrong. Though he does exhibit similiar symptoms, Dantes differs from MPD sufferers in that he is fully conscious of the new identities he takes on. In fact, he does changes intentionally. His purpose in taking on new identities is to seek vengeance on his enemies while maintaining the innocence of Edmond Dantes.    Edmond Dantes a successful, happy, young sailor was wrongfully imprisoned on September 15, 1815. He was sent there by four men, each of whom had a different reason to be hungry for his downfall. Caderousse was guilty because of his drunken stupidity, Fernand because of his lustful envy, Danglars because of his treacherous greed, and finally Villefort because of the terrible lengths he would go to in order to protect his name. When Dantes entered prison he was a nineteen-year-old boy with a kind and pure soul. After learning about the conspiracy to ruin his life, however, he became obsessed with gettting vengeance. Upon his escape from the Chateau d'If, he set out on a journey to reward those who had been good to him and to set right the wrongs that had been done to him.    Dantes was initially successful at his attempt. The first person from his past whom he encountered was Monsiuer Caderousse. He went to Caderousse's inn dressed as Abbe Faria and was told what had become of the three men most responsible for his imprisonment. Caderousse had no idea that the man he was talking to was Edmond Dantes. There was one person, however, that recognized him immediately. Mercedes, his former fiance, had never forgotten Dantes or the young love that they once shared. One of the reasons that Mercedes had loved him so much was the great admiration she had for him. She considered Dantes a sweet, honest, fair, and forgiving man. Dantes wore disguises because he did not want her to know that he had turned into a vengeful, angry, and uncaring person.    Eventually, however, he gave up this aspiration because he had failed to fool her. No one else guessed Dantes' true identity.

Politics and Propaganda

Political advertising is often considered a deceitful and scheming idea. Advertisers carefully word everything they include in an advertisement to give off a claim that many viewers do not realize is not really there. These false claims are meant to alter the public's outlook in favor of the advertisement. Barrack Obama and Hillary Clinton's advertisements are primary examples of the devious techniques that are exemplified in the works of William Lutz and Donna Woolfolk Cross through the use or weasel words, stroking, and euphemisms. During his first presidential election in 2008 for the Democratic candidate, Barrack Obama launched an advertisement titled Defining Moment. He says he will launch a rescue plan for the middle class and provide a tax cut for ninety-five percent of working Americans and will make low-cost loans available to small businesses. Obama promises to focus on our urgent national priorities by reducing the cost of health care and provide children with the education help they need to compete. In order to raise the money he needs for these promises, he plans to eliminate programs that do not work (Political Communication Lab). According to Lutz's essay about weasel words, Obama's advertisement is full of words that can force the audience to make assumptions that they should not. In the first part of this advertisement, he promises a tax cut, but never specifies the quantity of percentage of the tax cut. The tax cut percentage could be so slight that it does not make a difference at all, and really would not affect a viewer's judgment. However, this advertisement is designed to allow the audience to assume the cut will be of a large sum and will benefit them. Obama also never declares what he considers to be a low-cost loan or a small business. What he considers to be low-cost and small may very well be different than that of a viewer. Obama adds those cunning words ‘help' and ‘reduce' that Lutz was sure to warn about in his article. These words, like low-cost and small, mean nothing at all and he is not really making a promise to do anything. The word help only means to aid or assist and reduce simply means lessen in amount (Lutz 443). This advertisement could also tie in with Cross's essay â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled. † Obama is saying anything and everything the public wants to hear him say in order for him to become the more desired candidate. Cross defines this technique as argumentum ad populum, also known as stroking (Cross 126). Advertisers used strategies included in both Cross and Lutz's essays to scam the viewers into believing he was making this sincere promise to them. An advertisement created by Obama titled Need Education was solely aired on television to attack statements made by opponent and Republican John McCain. This advertisement stated McCain â€Å"opposed a law to give women equal pay for equal work † and â€Å"he dismissed wage gap saying that women just need education and training. The woman speaking throughout the advertisement claimed that â€Å"John McCain is the one who needs an education on the economy † (Political Communication Lab). The last statement of this advertisement is easily associated with Lutz's essay â€Å"The World of Doublespeak. The advertisers are using the phrase â€Å"needs an education † as a euphemism. They chose a more appropriate and not as noticeable way of calling McCain stupid and not knowing what he is talking about when it comes to the economy (Lutz 160). This statement alone could alter a viewer's opinion of McCain because they would not want a non-educated man in office. Hillary Clinton, also a Democrat running for president, aired her advertisement Voice during the 2008 election. Clinton states that she hears everyone in America. They are asking for affordable health care, less foreclosures on homes, more affordable gas prices, and make college more affordable. Clinton claims she will bring more to the White House than just her experience and will bring your voice (Political Communication Lab). The advertisers sneak in words such as less and more all throughout this advertisement. How much is much and exactly low less is less? The answer is different for every person and Clinton never indicates her meaning of these words. More and less are two prime examples of weasel words that correlate with Lutz's article. These words are meant to fool the audience since they do not have a true meaning and were carefully selected for this advertisement (Lutz 450). By saying she will bring the voice of America into the White House, she is putting into action a strategy defined by Cross. Just as Obama, she is using the argumentum ad populum tactic to convince viewers that she truly is the best interest for America (Cross 126). Advertisers strategically use these lines of attack to make their candidate seem to be top of the line and clearly the best option for everyone. Understanding the techniques described by both Cross and Lutz that are used in political advertising is crucial to the people of America. If viewers are unaware of these tactics then they are more likely to be fooled when the outcome of these so called promises don't turn out to be what was expected. Educating the public of the manipulating intentions in advertising can save a person from having their opinion decided for them and allow them to truly make the best decision for their country.

Social Media For Promoting And Marketing Films Media Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6493 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The effects of social media as a tool used for film marketing and promotion, an investigation of both dependant and independent filmmakers around the world. Abstract This dissertation will help to analyse and evaluate the different ways in which social media as platform is being used as an alternative way to promote and market films by filmmakers in the media industry. Studies were commenced in order to explore the future potential of social media as an industry in the world of film making, as well as to understand the different approaches and steps taken by film makers in order to reach as wide an audience as possible. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media For Promoting And Marketing Films Media Essay" essay for you Create order Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Research Problem Defined 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 The Blair Witch Project 3 2.2 An Introduction to Social Media 5 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media 7 2.4 Methods used and statistics 9 Chapter Three: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 14 3.2 Secondary data 14 3.3 Primary Data 15 3.4 Reflections 15 Chapter Four: Case Studies 4.1 Where The Wild Things Are 17 4.2 Paranormal Activity 19 4.3 Compare and Contrast 21 Chapter Five: Analysis and Findings 5.1 Introduction 22 5.2 Interviews 22 Chapter Six: Conclusion 24 Bibliography Appendix 1.1 Research Problem Defined This dissertation will explore the ins and outs of how and why social media is currently being used by major production companies as well as independent filmmakers all around the world in order to market and promote their films. Up until recently (2009/2010) movie studios had depended largely on highly budgeted advertising campaigns in order to help drive sales and bring in the revenue for their movies. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, the situation seems to be changing. Production companies are realizing the true potential that social media has, as a platform, to directly promote and market films to interested audiences. It is efficient, cheap, and effective. One of the most striking realizations is that social media tends to level out the playing field by giving everyone the ability to showcase their work. This means that anyone with an internet connection and a touch of creativity can take part in this new and exciting way of spreading the word of their project. Needless to say, social media is creating a new world where skill and talent in the filmmaking world will be noticed, while the pretenders will eventually be weeded outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regardless of status or money. Social media is creating a world of equal opportunities, as seen with Fede Alvarezs short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Fede Alvarez who describes himself as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"just a guy from an unknown countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created his short film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panicoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with a budget of $300. Within a month of uploading his video on to the website YouTube, Alvarez found himself with a thirty million dollar deal from Hollywood. (https://movingstillmedia.com/613/cracks-in-the-dam-of-digital-distribution). Clearly, this goes to show that with a lot of hard work, a great product, and the right social media tools, the ability to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is indeed possible. Research undertaken in this medium is for the following reasons: To understand the true power and potential that social media has as a platform, as well as to try and comprehend the different ways in which social media is being used, and by whom. Additionally, to discuss the issue with the filmmakers themselves. There are a few reasons as to why I decided to undergo extensive research in the field of social media in the filmmaking industry. This topic was chosen due to my great personal interest and enthusiasm for technology/social media, film making, and photography. As a student, and out of great passion, I have previously worked on multiple independent film and photography related projects, in which the only way of spreading my works was through the online world. This has given me a good understa nding of the ability and potential that social media has, as a platform, in order to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain project. This has inspired me to explore the social media landscape in greater depth as well as to take part by signing up and uploading the contents of his work to multiple online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, Youtube, Vimeo, Digg, WordPress, Tumblr, and Flickr. This has allowed me to share my work, as well as to build a fan base and contact list of people who are interested in my work. The research undertaken was initiated in order to complete the final year of the BA (Hons) Film and Television Fiction degree at the University of Hertfordshire. 2.1 An introduction to Social Media Social media is a term that has only started being used in recent years with the invention of some of the World Wide Webs most popular platforms such us Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. In its barest form, social media is a technology in the online world (the internet) which allows individuals from all over to contribute by sharing content, ideas, opinions, as well as allowing them to rate, comment, tag, and discuss different ideas and information. There are hundreds if not thousands of websites and applications with this technology built in, but only a select few are known to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"large-scaleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ enough to be affective in terms of marketing and promotion. The obvious main players in the world of social media are world renown websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Digg, Linkedin, and Foursquare. What is interesting here is that all of these platforms are known as social media website/web applications, but they all have different purposes. As an example , Youtube is a website dedicated to online video sharing and uploading, whereas Foursquare is a less popular geo-location application. These two platforms may be miles apart in terms of what they are able to provide consumers, but what they do have in common is that they give us the ability to share, comment on, and discuss this contentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and this is what social media is all about. In other words, social media has created a system where anyone with an internet connection is able to constantly provide feedback, in real time, on content that is created by their online à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"contactsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ creating a two way conversation. What is most astounding, and one of the main reasons as to why social media is now being noted as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"game changerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"passing trendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, is that these social media platforms are available to anyone with access to the internet, and for free. Because of this, we are seeing a great surge of interest in this type of media from all types of businesses. Businesses ranging from online wine selling companies, to major Hollywood production companies, to independent musicians and artists. Social media is being recognized as a more efficient and cost effective way to reach audiences as well as to gain feedback from them in real time. In addition to this, and more importantly, social media is the type of platform in which the people decide whom to follow or become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fansà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of. This is a very important point to recognize due to the fact that companies, filmmakers, and business owners alike are able to target only those who care about their products, as opposed to traditional forms of marketing where promoting a product is made to the masses, regardless of whether or not they care about the product or company. Social media can be considered as a type of filtering system which allows marketers to focus on a loyal fa n base, whom can in turn, also help spread the word of the company, filmmaker, or business they are fans of. This is especially true for the social network Twitter. As Gary Vaynerchuck, the mastermind behind www.winelibrary.com, put it, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? These different types of social networks are revolutionizing the ways in which we connect and communicate, and are allowing fans to make a sincere and direct contribution. 2.2 The Blair Witch Project One of the first films to depend mainly on the internet for heavy marketing was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ With ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s great success à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ showed the world that it is indeed possible for anyone with a good idea and decent enough equipment to make it big in the film industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but it is their smart use of the internet which made the film as popular as it is today. Writer/director Ed Sanchez of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ created à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and an online community of followers by starting up a website and stoking the Blair Witch myth (See Appendix 1). By the time Artisan, the independent film company, decided to buy the rights to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ there was already enough talk and anticipation for the movies releaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was created only by using the World Wide Web as a direct portal to the secrets of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Web completely levels the playing field; you canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t out-spend somebody on the Web. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s against the grain of every other media; you create a message and give it time to breathe. If the environment is interesting, you can hold onto the fan base longer, as opposed to a 30-second ad thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s here and gone. For us, it was the most important and impactful delivery mechanism,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Hegeman, marketing director of Artisan. (https://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_36_40/ai_56023086/). What Hegeman is trying to say is that the internet allows for a type of film marketing in which the individuals are the ones who are looking for certain information, which is a much more authentic, appealing, and powerful way of marketing. In terms of promotion on billboards, magazine covers, and television advertisements, the viewe rs are in some ways being forced to these advertisements, and have no way to go back to them. Although Ed Sanchez and Hegeman did not use social media tools (they had not yet been created) to promote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ they used the internet in a strikingly similar fashion. Their website was used as a hub for people to digest content as well as to comment and discuss their ideas and opinions. This created a word of mouth sensation which spread to individuals from all over the world. From analyzing both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and box office hit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ it is fair to say that social media is a great tool for filmmakers to use for exposure and outreach, but it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media in their marketing strategies. Without a doubt, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has gone a long way in facilitating th e transition for filmmakers, especially independent ones, to turn to the online world for marketing and promotion. We have since seen many filmmakers follow in this direction. 2.3 The transition by filmmakers to Social Media Only recently (within the past two years) have filmmakers been dominating the social media landscape. This is true for both independent filmmakers as well as large production companies. For independent filmmakers, social media is proving to be a great way to promote their films due to the simple fact that there is a lot of potential for outreach. In addition to this, independent filmmakers are able to receive constant feed back in real time from their fans, which is a great way to help the filmmaker advance both technically and creatively. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interesting here is that this transition is happening very naturally. What makes it easy for independent filmmakers to use these social media platforms to promote and market their films is because they are already using these social networks for their personal lives. Social media is giving independent filmmakers the tools and possibilities to do what they could not have done only a few years ago. This being the case, it is a lso true that these social networks can probably get too crowded by independent filmmakers looking to promote and market their filmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the reasons being ease of use and availability. Obviously, this means that only the absolute best and most persistent will survive and end up being the ones noticed in this world of equal opportunities. In terms of production companies, things seem to be a little different. Unlike independent filmmakers, it seems that only a select few production companies are making the move to social media to promote and market their films. This is due to making sure the production companies reputations stays in tact, but things are changing fast. It is fair to note that even though Hollywood spent millions of dollars on advertising James Cameronà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Sci-fi epic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ a huge part of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success was in part due to ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social media strategy. As Samuel Axon states à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã…“Avatar has its own Facebook (Facebook), MySpace (MySpace), and Twitter (Twitter) pages. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s getting to be standard these days. The 18,000-follower Twitter account has tellingly not been updated since a few days after the filmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theatrical release; once the word was out, the job was done. While it was active, though, its followers would retweet updates to their followers, who (if interested) would do the same, spreading the word all over the web. The Facebook Page is even more impressive, with over 700,000 fans.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://mashable.com/2010/01/08/avatar-social-media-web/). The creatives behind Avatar took these social media tools and made the most out of them by delivering content to the fans in clever and creative ways. On December 3rd, 09, MTV held a thirty minute Facebook hosted webcast called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Avatar Live,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in which fans were able to ask James Cameron questions about the movie. Additionally, the movies red carpet live premiere was broadcast live on Ustream, sponsored by Myspace, This, without a doubt, is another great way Avatar used social media as a way of exposure as well as creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around the film. Just because everyone now has the ability and tools to use social media, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that everyone will succeed. As proven by the success of Avatar, it is up to the filmmakers to find creative and fun ways to incorporate social media into a movies marketing strategy. Without a doubt, Avatars great success as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"biggest movie everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ w ill surely ease the transition by filmmakers to social media. 2.4 Methods used and statistics There are numerous platforms that can be considered social media networks, but only a few have the ability and true potential to successfully promote and market films by film makers and production companies. The obvious three main social media websites are Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter. These online platforms are showing very impressive results for filmmakers, and they continue to dominate and overtake traditional forms of marketing. Facebook: Facebook, the worlds largest social network, with over 400 million people signed up to the service, is the Holy Grail when it comes to social media marketing. Facebooks main feature the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is what separates it from the rest of the competition. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is a section of the social network website in which all of the activity by its users is broadcast for others to see. As simple as this may sound, the effects can be monumental. For example, if an independent filmmaker named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ decides to upload his latest film on his personal Facebook fan page, it will also be broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section of the website for all of his fans to see. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say a fan named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ watches the video and decides to leave a comment on the film. Without even knowing it, fan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ will not onl y be providing the filmmaker with feedback in real time, but he will also be spreading the word of film maker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work, as it will be broadcast on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Yà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ page for all of his friends to see. So if ten of the filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fans decide to comment or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the video, and letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s say that each of the fans have three hundred friends each, then that video is being given the opportunity and potential to be broadcast to over thirty thousand unique visitors. To put simply, keeping in mind the current situation, ten comments on a filmmaker à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Xà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s film would equal to a potential thirty thousand views just by being broadcast on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"News Feedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ of the ten fans. This is the type of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ power which makes Facebook a very valuable asset to filmmakers. What is even more incredible is that are so many different ways to interact with the content, which makes this type of broadcasting system very appealing to marketers. Also, without a doubt, this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ type of marketing is exactly what helps to create viral videos. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Daniel Frankel. The fact that over four hundred million people are on Facebook, most of which are moviegoers, only goes to prove how valuable of a tool Facebook can be for filmmakers. Youtube: Youtube, the online portal for uploading and viewing videos with over à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“1 billion views per day!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (https://techcrunch.com/2009/10/09/youtubes-new-logo-shouts-from-the-rooftops-1-billion-views-per-day/), is one of the major social media tools being used by film makers to promote themselves. Youtube is somewhat similar to other social networks such as Facebook and Twitter in terms of being able to comment and rate content, with the only difference being that it is dedicated to video. This makes Youtube an ideal candidate for film makers to showcase their works. One of the main goals of film makers with in Youtube is for their works to go viral, which tends to give the creator of the content great advertising revenues with in Youtube, as well as free publicity which can eventually lead to bigger deals from production companies as seen with Fede Alvarezs short fim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ataque de Panico.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Although this may be what film makers within the Youtube community hope for, the possibilities are extremely rare due to the fact that millions of videos are uploaded onto the social network daily, many of which are just useless banter. Exceptions do happen as with the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by Buice and Crumley. In simple terms. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Four Eyed Monsterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was kind of a 3-5 minute reality show about the making of their movie. As Adam L. Penenberg explains in his book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Viral Loop, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Their first podcast was a viral hit and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take long for each new installment to attract sixty-five-thousand downloads via iTunes, YouTube, Google Video, and Myspace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ This is an impressive feat for a viral video which has earned them a lot of publicity, as well as earned them numerous sold out screenings as well as generous revenues from DVD sales. The most interesting factor here is that Buice and Crumley are key players in changing the way in which films are being distributed. Although luck is an important factor, they have proven that it is completely possible to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"make it bigà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ without the need of a distributor. This may be far from how the movie industry works at the moment, but it may just in fact be the future of distributution. Twitter: Twitter, unlike Facebook and Youtube, is a social network based around status up dates. You can choose to follow a person or brand that you are interested in and keep up to date with their information. This is unique because it reverses the current way in which we receive information. Instead of looking for information relating to our favourite filmmaker, company, brand, etc, we can just follow them on Twitter and all of the information comes directly to us. We no longer have to go on to several different websites to receive the information we are looking for. This is especially interesting for filmmakers. An independent film maker can use his Twitter account as a link to their website or any other interesting work they have been up to by redirecting their followers to those pages. This being the case, Twitter acts as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"linkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in order to facilitate the ways in which we find and receive information we are interested in. Another important part of Twitter is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section, the retweet feature, as well as the fact that it is based in real time. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"trending topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section on Twitter is a place where all of the most talked about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"key wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are featured. This means that if the key word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"filmmakerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ were a trending topic, it would be available for the entire Twitter community (of over thirty million individuals) to see. Needless to say, this is the Holy Grail for Twitter users, and just like the possibilities of creating a viral video on Youtube, it is quite a far fetch. From the article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Twilight New Moon Social Media Mania Netà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 81,000 Tweets Per Day,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Jennifer Van Grove paints a clear picture of how Twitter can be used by fans to create à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ around a certain movie. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rest of the tweets, 92% in tot al, paint a very positive picture for New Moon ticket sales. 13% of tweets include twitterers who are trying to plan ahead for their New Moon events, going so far as to use the medium for coordinating viewing parties. As to be expected, the majority of tweets, 59% to be exact, are expressing excitement and counting down the days and the hours until they can catch the flick in theaters.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (https://mashable.com/2009/11/18/twilight-new-moon-stats/). This clearly demonstrates Gary Vaynerchucks quote à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Twitter is word of mouth on steroids.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The buzz around the movie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on Twitter has spread from follower to follower, creating a viral sensation, which has allowed for millions of people to hear about the movieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which is proven to be free promotion. The retweet feature of Twitter is similar to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ feature on Facebook. Followers can choose to retweet any status update they like to all of their followers. This would then be available for all of their followers to see, which can certainly help with the promotion and marketing of a certain product, film, etc. Last but not least, and just like on Facebook and Youtube, followers of a certain brand, product, or filmmaker can choose to comment on status updatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ providing them with valuable feedback in real time. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction This dissertation has evaluated and come up with a large amount or information pertaining to the idea that social media is increasingly being used by film makers to market and promote their films. The contents of this dissertation are meant to cover three main areas. First of all, and most importantly, is data relating to the rise of social media being used as a platform for filmmakers. Second, the different ways and platforms used in which independent film makers as well as production companies are going about with using social media. Last but not least, an understanding and evaluation of these differences and the impact they have. The information that has been gathered for this dissertation consists of qualitative data from both primary and secondary sources. 3.2 Secondary data Secondary data is the collection and analyzing of other peoples information. With secondary data, the researcher can collect a large variety of information from books, journals, articles, and websites from many different sources. For this dissertation, secondary data was gathered by using the facilities at the University of Hertfordshireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Library, as well as alternative locations for finding books related to the chosen topic. The Internet was a main source for the researcher to gather information due to the fact that there is not a lot of published works out there about the chosen topic. The data collected from the World Wide Web was informative and up to date. 3.3 Primary Data Primary data is usually the collection of data for specific criteria by conducting interviews, creating questionnaires, and analyzing certain information, etc. The primary data collected for this dissertation is unique to this research. For this dissertation, only one method has been used. Interviews were conducted with filmmakers Gary Nadeau, Stuart Read, and Charles Son. This is in order to try and further understand the topic question, as well as to see real world examples of how filmmakers are currently using social media to promote and market their films. Additionally, we are given different perspectives, opinions, and insights into how they believe that social media film marketing landscape. 3.4 Reflections It proved difficult trying to find published works relating to how social media is being used by filmmakers to market their films. Because social media as a platform, as well as social media being used as a tool to promote and market films is still in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s early stages, most of the appropriate information discovered was from the online world on websites such as www.mashable.com and www.techcrunch.com. Although a few books were used in this dissertation, they were focused more on social media in general rather than related to film, which made it hard to find specific film examples. The interviews conducted were in order to gain real world insight as to how social media is being used by filmmakersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all of which was valuable primary research. The interviewees were highly professional and responded within a few days. One of the interviews with speechwriter and consultant Ian Griffin seemed to be unusable for this dissertation due to the fact that it was focused on social media being used by businesses rather than filmmakers. 4.1 Where the Wild Things Are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ written by Maurice Sendak and directed by Spike Jonze, is a Universal Studios released film based on the childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book by the same author. Although à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a pretty solid à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ marketing method including posters, billboards, sponsors from Kodak, Urban Outfitters, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ also has a pretty intelligent and top-notch social media campaign. This campaign has led their marketing agency to deliver a Facebook fan page, iphone application, Twitter integration, as well as sponsorship on www.digg.com. All of these social media platforms are being used as different ways for fans to interact with and learn more about the characters and the movie, whilst at the same time allowing them to spread the word to all of their friends via Facebook and Twitter. The logic behind this move is simple. Universal Studios is giving fans a way to sell the movie for them. And the way this is done is via word of mouth throughout the online world, with hopes of creating a somewhat viral type of effect. In order to understand this, we must analyze and comprehend the different ways and methods used by Universal Studios in terms of social media. For the first time ever, the worlds most popular social news website www.digg.com placed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sponsoredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ advertisement link which redirected to an article about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on their website. The social news website Digg would previously only place the most requested articles on their front page. With the introduction of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ being placed on the front page of Digg in the form of an advertisement, a lot of talk surrounded the movie, and with Digg being a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"socialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ news website, a lot of that talk was spread throughout the interweb via integration with Twitter and Facebook. This type of social media integration for the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was a smart move, as it was the first of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s kind and helped spread word of the film in the form of word of mouth. One of the movies greatest uses of social media is its Facebook page (See Appendix 2). With currently over 1.8 million fans, the movies Facebook page surely had a great impact on the films popularity and ticket sales. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The movie version of the popular childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s book Where the Wild Things Are is set to premier this Friday, and its Facebook page appears to be riding the success of a multimedia advertising blitz. It has grown from 72,000 users on the first of the month to 1.37 million fans today. The page itself has been getting updated nearly every day acting as a sort of hub for other promotional efforts. The re are links to various trailer videos, behind-the-scenes footage, music from the film, sneak-peaks and other features. Besides YouTube previews, the Warner Bros. movie also has a nice-looking iPhone app, and even a hipster clothing line.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Eric Eldon. (https://www.insidefacebook.com/2009/10/13/where-the-wild-things-are-on-facebook/). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where the Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a multimedia based Facebook fan page which is based around content pertaining to the movie. The fan page consists of a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ tab which allows you to customize and take a look at posters, a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Videoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can watch behind the scenes footage as well as trailers and interview, and finally a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"soundtrackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where fans can listen to and purchase music from the film. Last but not least, the Facebook fan page has a main à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"wallà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ section where all the information about the movie is updated. Fans can then comment, share, discuss,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"likeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and much more on all of this content that is being released. This social media integration for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ means two things. First of all, the content we are being given such a s movie trailers and samples of the movie soundtrack are nothing new. Film studios have been releasing trailers, interviews, soundtrack clips, as well as posters for a long time now. What makes it different is that the marketers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ are releasing this content all in one place, and in a social environment. For most fans, the fact that all of this content is in one place and on their favourite social website, makes it a lot easier for them to keep up to date and informed of the latest on goings of the movie. The fact that all of this content is being delivered to fans in a social content makes it more interesting for fans, as they can see what others think of certain trailers, etc, while giving their own two cents as well. Whilst all of this is going on, unbeknownst to most fans, in a very discreet and indirect way, they are selling the movie for the Universal Studios. 4.2 Paranormal Activity The story of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is very similar to that of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Both movies were produced on a low budget and harnessed the power of the internet in order to build buzz and gain a large enough following for movie studios to buy and release the films nationwide. Unlike à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Blair Witch Project,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which was created prior to what is known as social media today, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has a different story. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We have the advantage with all these digital tools of allowing word of mouth to spread much faster than before, which is sending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? into wide release in more theaters this week.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Amy Powell, senior vice president of interactive marketing for Paramount Pictures Corp. (https://www.seattlepi.com/movies/411245_paranormal16.html). After eight free screenings at theatres acro ss The United States, the producers decided that they would let the fans decide weather or not the movie should be released nation-wide (See Appendix 3). The way they did this is by partnering up with Eventful and using social media to ask viewers to request the nation-wide release of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and only after one million requests would they release the movie. After four days, and a million requests later, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was released nation-wide. With every request, fans would be able to tweet it about it, which has without a doubt contributed greatly to the buzz created for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. What is interesting with this type of social media marketing campaign is that the producers have given the power to the audience. This has never been done before, which was quite a risky move for the producers, but nevertheless proved successful. First of all, it is vital to understand that allowing the audience to decide whether or not the film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ should be released was a very smart move. By giving fans the power to request the film, they are also given them a feeling that they are being part of a community. Obviously, this would give fans one of the two main reasons to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about the movie and spread the word about à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The second reason simply being that if someone requests the movie, it would be because they have an interest in watching that movie, so naturally they will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ about it so that all of their friends will request it as well. This type of marketing is very unique, as it has never been done before due to technological limitations. This is why it is very important to understand that social media is allowing companies and independent film makers to expand on their horizons by finding creative and original ways to reach the large number of people who are using these social media tools for personal reasons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is also a great example as to how their marketing campaign is designed in a way to make the fans sell the movie for them. 4.3 Compare and Contrast To compare and contrast, both à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Thingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have had great success in using social media as a tool for marketing and promotionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ although in different ways. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused mainly on multimedia by delivering content to its fans, whilst à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranormal Activityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ focused more on creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"buzzà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and letting the fans decide the fate of the movie. These are two extremely different strategies, yet both were based on using the same social media tools. What this means is that social media is not a magic wand that one can wave and turn their film into an overnight success. Social media is a platform with a lot of potential if used in moderate and creative ways by movie studios. In the case of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Paranor mal Activity,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ both social media campaigns have worked and proven that social media is one of the ways forward when it comes to film marketing. Spike Jonze, the director of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Where The Wild Things Areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has recently released a short film titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢m Hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which is marketed entirely using Facebook. This is a clear indicator to prove the above point that social media is the way forward in terms of film marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and just like Finola Kerrigan states in her book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Film Marketing,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Online and viral marketing campaigns are now as important as the conventional practices.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? 5.1 Introduction Three interviews were conducted with industry professionals Gary Nadeau (See Appendix 4), Charles Son (See Appendix 5), and Stuart Read (See Appendix 6) who use social media as a way to promote and market their films. The answers from the questions were surprisingly similar, as they all seemed to think that social media has definitely helped them with exposure for their works. The views expressed are personal ones and only subject to the intervieweesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ point of view. 5.2 Interviews After analyzing the interviews, it seems clear that social media is playing a huge role in the professional lives of the filmmakers. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really have any other way of reaching such a vast amount of people. For larger production companies, this is not really the case. They can still use social media, but it is not a necessity as it is for independent filmmakers. Also, in a way, social media is the beginning of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"personal brandingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ era for filmmakers. What this means is that the most successful filmmakers are the ones who will be able to brand themselves by creating and building a fan base that they can connect and interact with. This was not possible in the past, but with social media, it is becoming a must amongst filmmakers. Another thing that the interviewees commented on was the fact that social media allows them to share, interact, teach, be taught, and to communicate wit h like-minded people. This is a very interesting point, as it is the true essence of what social media is all about. It is about taking content and making it social. This in return allows for the filmmakers to receive feedback as well as to build their fan base and contact list. Social media is creating a smaller world where distance is no longer an issue, and where everyone has a say. Last but not least, it is fair to conclude that social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is not a passing trend, but rather, an integral part of the way things work. The way in which social media in terms of film marketing and promotion is growing is at an exponential rate. Businesses are being formed around this, and large production companies are trying to find ways to capitalize on it. Social media is facilitating communication, interaction, and is bringing us closer to the filmmakers we admire more than ever. It is closing in on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Six degrees of separationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã ¢â€ž ¢ and is being seen as a very valuable asset which will most likely continue to dominate and evolve with more and more people making the jump to using social media as a main form of marketing and communication. To conclude, it is proving to be quite popular amongst filmmakers to make the leap to social media for promoting and marketing their works. This is especially true for independent filmmakers who do not have the budget of Hollywood movies. Social media has definitely shown a lot of growth and potential, but it is also fair to understand that this platform is one that is still new and in ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s baby stages. It is hard to predict how social media will continue to help filmmakers promote and market their films. From todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s real world examples, social media is proving to be quite a powerful tool in differentiating a good film from a bad one. Just like Twitter helped spread the word of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"New Moonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it has also helped to bring down some heavily marketed films. The film à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Brunoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ starring Sacha Baron Cohen, which had a great opening weekend, saw a huge decline in ticket sales after the word spread tha t the movie was not as good as it seemed. This is due to the bad reviews and comments made by individuals using Facebook, Twitter, and other social media networks to express their opinions. This is the first time in history that Hollywood has seen such a large decline of ticket sales in such a short period of time, proving that social media is in fact very affective when it comes to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"word of mouthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ be it good or bad. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Facebook is really the focus for us right now. Something like 70 to 80 percent of frequent moviegoers under 25 visits Facebook seven or eight times a day. In fact, I think marketers are fixated on Facebook because we tend to use it a lot ourselves,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? David Singh, executive VP of creative content for Disney. (https://www.mediazbiz.com/2009/11/13/movie-tv-social-media-marketing/).

Explore the Three Laws of Thermodynamics

The branch of science called  thermodynamics deals with systems that are able to transfer thermal energy into at least one other form of energy (mechanical, electrical, etc.) or into work. The laws of thermodynamics were developed over the years as some of the most fundamental rules which are followed when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energy change. History of Thermodynamics The  history of thermodynamics  begins with  Otto von Guericke  who, in 1650, built the worlds first  vacuum pump  and demonstrated a  vacuum  using his  Magdeburg hemispheres. Guericke was driven to make a vacuum to disprove  Aristotles long-held supposition that nature abhors a vacuum. Shortly after Guericke, the English physicist and chemist  Robert Boyle  had learned of Guerickes designs and, in 1656, in coordination with English scientist  Robert Hooke, built an air pump.  Using this pump, Boyle and Hooke noticed a correlation between  pressure,  temperature, and  volume. In time,  Boyles Law  was formulated, which states that pressure and volume are  inversely proportional.   Consequences of the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics tend to be fairly easy to state and understand ... so much so that its easy to underestimate the impact they have. Among other things, they put constraints on how energy can be used in the universe. It would be very hard to over-emphasize how significant this concept is. The consequences of the laws of thermodynamics touch on almost every aspect of scientific inquiry in some way. Key Concepts for Understanding the Laws of Thermodynamics To understand the laws of thermodynamics, its essential to understand some other thermodynamics concepts that relate to them. Thermodynamics Overview - an overview of the basic principles of the field of thermodynamicsHeat Energy - a basic definition of heat energyTemperature - a basic definition of temperatureIntroduction to Heat Transfer - an explanation of various heat transfer methods.Thermodynamic Processes - the laws of thermodynamics mostly apply to thermodynamic processes, when a thermodynamic system goes through some sort of energetic transfer. Development of the Laws of Thermodynamics The study of heat as a distinct form of energy began in approximately 1798 when Sir Benjamin Thompson (also known as Count Rumford), a British military engineer, noticed that heat could be generated in proportion to the amount of work done ... a fundamental concept which would ultimately become a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics. French physicist Sadi Carnot first formulated a basic principle of thermodynamics in 1824. The principles which Carnot used to define his Carnot cycle heat engine would ultimately translate into the second law of thermodynamics by the German physicist Rudolf Clausius, who is also frequently credited with the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. Part of the reason for the rapid development of thermodynamics in the nineteenth century was the need to develop efficient steam engines during the industrial revolution. Kinetic Theory the Laws of Thermodynamics The laws of thermodynamics do not particularly concern themselves with the specific how and why of heat transfer, which makes sense for laws that were formulated before the atomic theory was fully adopted. They deal with the sum total of energy and heat transitions within a system and do not take into account the specific nature of heat transference on the atomic or molecular level. The Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics This zeroeth law is sort of transitive property of thermal equilibrium. The transitive property of mathematics says that if A B and B C, then A C. The same is true of thermodynamic systems that are in  thermal equilibrium. One consequence of the zeroeth law is the idea that measuring  temperature  has any meaning whatsoever. In order to measure temperature,  thermal equilibrium  must be  reached between the thermometer as a whole, the mercury inside the thermometer, and the substance being measured. This, in turn, results in being able to accurately tell what the temperature of the substance is. This law was understood without being explicitly stated through much of the history of thermodynamics study, and it was only realized that it was a law in its own right at the beginning of the 20th century. It was British physicist Ralph H. Fowler who first coined the term zeroeth  law, based on a belief that it was more fundamental even than the other laws. The First Law of Thermodynamics Though this may sound complex, its really a very simple idea. If you add heat to a system, there are only two things that can be done -- change the  internal energy  of the system or cause the system to do work (or, of course, some combination of the two). All of the heat energy must go into doing these things. Mathematical Representation of the First Law Physicists typically use uniform conventions for representing the quantities in the first law of thermodynamics. They are: U1  (or  Ui) initial internal energy at the start of the processU2  (or  Uf) final internal energy at the end of the processdelta-U  Ã‚  U2  -  U1   Change in internal energy (used in cases where the specifics of beginning and ending internal energies are irrelevant)Q  Ã‚  heat  transferred into (Q   0) or out of (Q   0) the systemW  Ã‚  work  performed by the system (W   0) or on the system (W   0). This yields a mathematical representation of the first law which proves very useful and can be rewritten in a couple of useful ways: The analysis of a  thermodynamic process, at least within a physics classroom situation, generally involves analyzing a situation where one of these quantities is either 0 or at least controllable in a reasonable manner. For example, in an  adiabatic process, the heat transfer (Q) is equal to 0 while in an  isochoric process  the work (W) is equal to 0. The First Law Conservation of Energy The  first law  of thermodynamics is seen by many as the foundation of the concept of conservation of energy. It basically says that the energy that goes into a system cannot be lost along the way, but has to be used to do something ... in this case, either  change  internal energy or perform work. Taken in this view, the first law of thermodynamics is one of the most far-reaching scientific concepts ever discovered. The Second Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics:The second law of thermodynamics is formulated in many ways, as will be addressed shortly, but is basically a law which - unlike most other laws in physics - deals not with how to do something, but rather deals entirely with placing a restriction on what can be done. It is a law that says nature constrains us from getting certain kinds of outcomes without putting a lot of work into it, and as such is also closely tied to the  concept of the conservation of energy, much as the first law of thermodynamics is. In practical applications, this law means that any  heat engine  or similar device based  on  the principles of thermodynamics cannot, even in theory, be 100% efficient. This principle was first illuminated by the French physicist and engineer Sadi Carnot, as he developed his  Carnot cycle  engine in 1824, and was later formalized  as a law of thermodynamics  by German physicist Rudolf Clausius. Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is perhaps the most popular outside of the realm of  physics because it is closely related to the concept of  entropy or the disorder created during a thermodynamic process. Reformulated as a statement regarding entropy, the second law reads: In any closed system, in other words, each time a system goes through a thermodynamic process, the system can never completely return to precisely the same state it was in before. This is one definition used for the  arrow of  time since entropy of the universe will always increase over time according to the second law of thermodynamics. Other Second Law Formulations A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transform heat extracted from a source which is at the same temperature throughout into work is impossible. - Scottish physicist William Thompson ( A cyclic transformation whose only final result is to transfer heat from a body at a given temperature to a body at a higher temperature is impossible. - German physicist Rudolf Clausius All the above formulations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics are equivalent statements of the same fundamental principle. The Third Law of Thermodynamics The third law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement about the ability to create an  absolute  temperature scale, for which  absolute zero  is the point at which the internal energy of a solid is precisely 0. Various sources show the following three potential formulations of the  third law  of thermodynamics: It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.The entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to zero as the temperature approaches  absolute zero.As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a constant What the Third Law Means The third law means a few things, and again all of these formulations result in the same outcome depending upon how much you take into account: Formulation 3 contains the least restraints, merely stating that entropy goes to a constant. In fact, this constant is zero entropy (as stated in formulation 2). However, due to quantum constraints on any physical system, it will collapse into its lowest quantum state but never be able to perfectly reduce to 0 entropy, therefore it is impossible to reduce a physical system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps (which yields us formulation 1).

The Price Of Tuition Should Not Be Paid - 1462 Words

There are a lot of concerns when it comes to college. Among these concerns are the price of tuition and how unbearably high it is. Because of how high the cost is, people are starting to question the worth of a college degree. This topic is widely debated throughout the country and until the price of tuition has been made more affordable the debate will linger. However it is easy to get lost in the debate and begin to think that even if the cost were to be lowered that a college degree would not be worth the time to earn.. College may not be for everyone, but our community prospers from having well educated individuals. Society benefits from education much more than we realize. Not only that, but statistically college educated people are more successful than those without a degree. And while it may be hard to afford the high tuition costs there are ways to maintain the cost and make it easier to afford. This is why a college degree is worth the trip. To begin the argument it should b e known that society benefits from college educated individuals. One aspect of college that is repeatedly overlooked is how it can shape one’s mind and allows them to think in entirely new ways not only critically but creatively as well. In fact, according to a report issued by the College Board in 2007 states that â€Å"those with a bachelor’s degree, are more likely to volunteer, vote, exercise, and have health insurance and pensions.† (Lewin 18) These are all qualities that make a human beingShow MoreRelatedAffordability Of Our Education : Is A College Education Worth The Cost?1729 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia Ikharo Comp 1101 March 15, 2016 Affordability of our Education Every working American family knows how hard it is today to find affordable higher education. As of the past few decades the tuition fee for most public and private colleges increased by 250 percent while income increased by 16 percent (Politico, 2013). The statistics have since then become a trend that has now evolved each year, hence; making it difficult for parents to send their children to school that can cause themRead MoreThe Cost of Tuition Among Colleges and Universities in Highly Diversified and Indefinite926 Words   |  4 PagesThe cost of tuition among colleges and universities is highly diversified and indefinite. Students shouldn’t be financial problems that are associated with the high tuition cost for their education because it creates unnecessary stress and financial problems. The student’s primary concern should be their academic performance and learning. The tuition fee includes extracurricular expenses such as lifestyle amenities that may not be essential toward the student education yet they are still being chargedRead MoreThe Success Of A College Student898 Words   |  4 Pagesencourages, and emphasizes higher education. Tuition and fees, loans, and extra expenses become a big price to pay for wanting to play the proper role in society as a student looking for a better future. Today’s college students have to deal with a huge financial decision at a very young age that leads to frustration and confusion which is caused by the inflating prices of college tuition. As decades have passed, it is clear that the cost of college tuition has gone up significantly compared to thirtyRead MoreThe True Cost Of Education Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesage, we are taught that school is the number one choice. Education is the tool that will determine one’s future, and ultimately deciding how much money one will make. But, the cost for one’s future is increasing. According to College Board, college tuition has been skyrocketing. Presently, the average cost of attending private colleges is $47,405; whereas, in-state schools cost $9,410 and public universities cost $23,893 (Cohen). The cost may vary by where a student attends, and the cost is drasticallyRead MoreMoney For The Future : College955 Words   |  4 Pagesits prices are alarming, leaving students with little ways to pay for it, in the dust. The unfortunate reality of students dealing with debt is a fear-mongering tactic used so that students sike themselves out and never attend college. This harsh reality applies to many students who have to pay for their college expenses out of pocket, unlike the lucky few who attend accredited four-year colleges with the money of their financially stable parents. According to the essay Is College Tuition a SoundRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Based on Major917 Words   |  4 PagesCollege Tuition Every year, students wishing to attend college are faced with the steep price that comes with their prospective education. For many, the belief that it will play dividends in the long run is enough reason to pay the high price. However, college majors have a wide variance of starting median salaries, which leads to the question of whether or not tuition should be based on your field of study. Students knowing they will be making less than another student after graduating should notRead MoreDriving The Cost Of Higher Education1063 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics included college tuition in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the price of attending college has risen by more than a factor of six in the 25 years that followed. However, this price increase should be measured not on absolute cost, but on relative market cost; i.e., the price increase relative to the CPI. Examining this, we still find that college tuition is rising faster than almost every other market sector. The following g raph shows the change in tuition cost, the change in overall CPIRead MoreCollege Is Not For All But The Rich846 Words   |  4 PagesUnaffordable for All but the Rich,† she mentions the average price of college tuition for different types of colleges. She begins with the type of colleges, from community college to instate, public to nonprofit, and private colleges. Baum speaks about the â€Å"sticker† price - as in the price that is advertised on how much the school s full tuition will cost. She then goes on to say that majority of people don t even pay the sticker price because of scholarships and other financial assistance - loansRead MoreFinancial Aid : Scholarships Or Any Other Helpful Programs That May Be Affordable1014 Words   |  5 Pageshow well colleges do their jobs. With every single dime college students are paying for their tuition, you will more likely think they will get a major education and be able to find a job after graduation but it s not always the case. Colleges are more focused about getting teens to come to their school and yes they are providing them with a valuable education. Colleges are starting to use college tuition to upgrade their school, instead of providing high well experienced teachers. Instead they areRead MoreGraduation Speech : College And Pursue A College Degree1383 Words   |  6 Pagesand leaves a very large number of students leaving college with a lot of debt. Student debt is something that often times is being paid off for most of their life. Some people see this as a problem and other see it as a system that is working but with issues. After the recent 2016 presidential election, some candidates and former president Obama thinks that there should be a form of free education. Knowledge is power, and going to college and getting a degree allows you to become a more educated

Middle-Class Homelessness in America free essay sample

Can you imagine yourself standing in line in hope for a cot at a shelter to share with your family, or waiting for a warm meal in a soup kitchen? This is what many middle-class American citizens have succumbed to. Has the American dream been lost, has the middle-class lost its position in the American economy, and has the inequality of income cause the demise of the middle-class? By focusing on the health care reform and record low unemployment rate we overlook the underlying problem; the dwindling middle-class, the backbone of our country. Many studies have been conducted to define middle-class without much success. It has been attempted to relate it to annual income. One study states that yearly incomes between $32,900 and $64,000, another between $50,800 and $122,000, and the U. S. census bureau middle 60% of incomes is the largest range of all lies between$ 20600, and $102,000 as what defines middle-class. Dan Horn notes in the Cincinnati Enquirer â€Å"Psychologist Ken Eisold, a contributor to Psychology today, said, though, that the way people describe their social status has more to do with what’s going on in their heads than their wallets. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle-Class Homelessness in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Eisold goes on to say that â€Å"it’s really more about identity†. Horn adds that Julie Heath, director of the University of Cincinnati’s Economics Center agrees with Eisold that saying, â€Å"We’re a middle-class family has more than a financial connotations to it, it has a salt-of the earth to it. That’s the bed rock. Essentially this shows that Americans do not base their social status on their income alone, but also on their personal accomplishments and views of where they have come from and where they are going. That being said, the bed rock of the middle-class comes from one of the most common descriptions what living in America is all about; the great American Dream. History tells us that this emotion connected with being middle-class started showing up in the 1830’s. In these times people came to America hoping for the best, and they clung to ideas of how they would make it. They believed that if those ideas and values were kept, that they were middle-class, even if they were not financially. This is how the idea of the Leave it to Beaver life style came into being. In the 1950’s men took white collar jobs while women stayed home and maintained their house and families. They bought homes in the suburbs, nice family cars, and made safe investments. This provided them a sense of stability and many believed this is what the American dream is all about. Today, in pursuit of the dream, to maintain their middle-class status many Americans have higher incomes than their parents did but both parents are working. Yet while doing the best that they that they can possibly do, many are watching their dreams shatter. Erin Currier, director of the Pew Economic Mobility Project, said â€Å"stability is one of the biggest threats to the middle class today. † She goes on to say, â€Å"Though born into middle-class, many fall out by adulthood. † This is due to inflation of basic needs such as health care, day care, college funding, and the rise of the inequality of income. One term often referred to when relating to the middle-class crisis is Income Gap. As defined on the internet by investapedia. om, the income gap is the unequal distribution of household and individual income across the various participants in an economy. A sociology and political science professor at the University of Arizona who studies income inequality and poverty, says that over the past three decades â€Å"is slow income growth compared to general economic growth†¦ a bigger and bigger portion of economic growth has occurred to the wealthiest 1 %, whether the measure is basic wages or total compensation,† says Lane Kenworthy. (CQ researcher 3) There is political risk involved with this shift that is greater than economics and family finances. A large middle class, especially one that is politically active, tends to be a kind of anchor that keeps our country from swinging back and forth. There are typical values that middle-class families acquire and pass on to their children and those values tend to be good for democracy,† states Teresa Sullivan, provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at the University of Michigan, and the co-author of The Fragile Middle Class: Americans in Debt. (CQ Researche r 2) The new millennium looked very hopeful for the war on poverty in America. The federal poverty rate was the lowest it had been since 1974 according to CQ Researcher. The next 4 years even better with Housing prices doubling in many cities and increase in home equity loans that brought the Home-ownership rate up to an all time high of 69 percent. In 2008 we would not only see the sand shift out from the false growth of the economy led by the banks and lending companies but our government bail the banks out with $700 billion rescue bill, They did not however bail out the borrower and many lost their homes. Leading to the current middle class crisis. These issues, the rise of the inequality of income and the shattering of the American dream, have led us to the downfall of the middle class. In more recent years the middle-class are finding themselves not only having a decrease in their income due to layoffs and downsizing, but while not able to maintain their dream are losing their homes due to foreclosures. They are now finding themselves sleeping in their cars, if fortunate to still have one. They are waiting in lines for food and shelter, and bathing in gas station rest rooms, standing on street corners and highway exit’s begging for money or work. I have a personal interest in this research because I consider myself a middleclass American who lived through these years of the housing crisis and recession, I have lost a business, I am dealing with the short sale of my home and a threat of foreclosure, I have suffered through divorce and currently I am a struggling single mother. In conclusion the decline of the middle-class has hit very close to home. Although the hope of the American dream dies a slow death in my own heart, because of the continual economic status and burden of the cost of living rising, many like me are losing hope.